ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

MATRIX
 ADDITION

0 1 2 6 4 3 0  6 1  4 2  3   6 5 5 
A B         
 9 7 6   3 4 5   9  3 7  4 8  6   12 11 14 

0 1 2 5 3 4 0  5 1  3 2  4   5 4 6 
A B         
 9 7 8   2 3 4   9  2 7  3 8  4   11 10 12
SUBTRACTION

4 3 2 1  2 3 3 5 - 1 
A - B  3 0 3  3 5 6  0  5  3
7 12 3 6 3 2 1 9 1 

9 8 7 1  2 3 8 10 4 
A - B  4 0 4  3 5 6  1  5  2
7 11 2 6 3 2 1 8 0 
 MULTIPLICATION
3 5 3 6 3(3)  5(4) 3(6)  5(5) 29 43
AB    X     
 7 5  4 5   7(3)  5(4) 7(6)  5(5)  41 47 

8 5 4 2 8(4)  5(1) 8(2)  5(6) 37 46

AB    x     
6 3  1 6   6(4)  3(1) 6(2)  3(6)  27 30 
MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITY

10 11 1 0  10(1)  11(0) 10(0)  11(1) 10 11

A  x  
12 13 0
 
1  12(1)  13(0) 12(0)  13(1) 12 13

4 5  1 0   4(1)  5(0) 4(0)  6(1) 4 5

A x  
6 7 0 1 6(1)  7(0) 5(0)  7(1) 
 6 7

CRAMER’S RULE
1.
example 2
ARITHMETIC
Arithmetic Sequence
Laplace transform
EXAMPLE 1:
FACTOR THE SECOND ORDER POLYNOMIALS : 𝒑 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟔
ANSWER : 𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐+5X +6= (X+2)(X+3)

EXAMPLE 2:
FACTOR THE SECOND ORDER POLYNOMIALS: P(X)= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟗𝒙 −
𝟐. 𝟓𝟐
ANSWER:
Inverse laplace transform
Find the inverse transform of
Find the inverse transform of
 Initial Value Solution
EXAMPLE 1: SOLVE THE INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM
𝑑𝑦
= 10 − 𝑥 , 𝑦 0 = −1
𝑑𝑥
SOLUTION:
STEP 1:
𝑑𝑦
= 10 − 𝑥  𝑑𝑦 = 10 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
‫ ׬ = 𝑦 𝑑 ׬‬10 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → Y = 10X −
2
+C
STEP 2: WHEN X= 0, Y= -1
0
−1 = 10 0 − + C → C = −1
2
𝑥2
SOLUTION: 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − −1
2
Example 2: solve the initial value problem.
𝑑𝑦
= 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 −1 = 0
𝑑𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Step 1: = 9𝑥 2 − 4 = 5 → 𝑑𝑦 = 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
9𝑥 2 4𝑥 2
‫׬ = 𝑦𝑑 ׬‬ 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑦 = - +
3 2
5x + c

Step 2: when x= -1, y=0

0 = 3(−1)3 − 2 −1 2 + 𝑐 → 0 = −3 − 2 − 5 + 𝑐 → 𝑐
= 10
Solution 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10
 Fourier series
Find the fourier series for 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 [0,1]
A general formula for the fourier series of a function on an interval
𝑐, 𝑐 + 𝑇 𝑖𝑠

in the current problem 𝑐 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 = 1

Example 2
FI ND T HE FO U R I ER S ER I ES FO R 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑜𝑛 [−𝜋 , 𝜋 ]
THE GENERAL FOURIER SERIES ON [-L,L] IS
So fourier series is
Vector analysis
Let C be the curve 𝑥 = 1𝑦 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0,−1 𝑡𝑜 0,1 .𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒

‫ 𝑦 𝑐׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥2 𝑑𝑦
Answer: we parameterize the curve using t=y:
x= 1-𝑡 2 −1 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1
y=t
Then
𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡
Thus:
Let C be the curve 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑡 3 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1. 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒
d
Complex variable
Using the residue theorem

solution,
we denote

1 11
1(2𝑧+2 𝑧)2
𝑓 𝑧 =− 1
13+6𝑧+62 𝑧
We find singularities
−3 −2
[{z=0},{z= }, {z = }]
2 3
The singularity : z=0
 13
in our region and we will add the following residue 𝑟𝑒𝑠 0, 𝑓 𝑧 = I
144

−3
The singularity z=
2

Will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region the singularity
−3
z=
2

−2 169
Is in our region and we will add the following residue 𝑟𝑒𝑠 ,𝑓 𝑧 =− 𝐼
3 720

13
Our sum is 21𝜋 ∑𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑧, 𝑓 𝑧 = 𝜋
45

2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)2 13
The solution is ‫׬‬0 13+12 cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =
45
𝜋
1.2 problem
2𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)4
Using the residue theorem ‫׬‬0 1+sin(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

Hint. Type 1
Solution:
1 11
1 𝑧+ 4
2 2𝑧
We denote 𝑓 𝑧 =− 1 1
(1−4 𝑧−𝑧)2 𝑧

We find singularities
[{z=0}, {z= 2 +1}, {z=1- 2-1} , {𝑧 = −1 − 2}, {z=∞}, {𝑧 − ∞}]
The singularity z=0
Is in our region and we will add the following residue
5
res(0,f(z))= 𝐼
2
 5
is in our region and we will add the following residue : res(0,f(z))= 𝐼
2
The singularity z= 2 + 1
Will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity z=1- 2
Is in our region and we will add the following residue
−768 𝐼 2+1088 𝐼
res 1 − 2, f z =
768−544 2
The singularity z= 2-1
Is in our region and we will add the following residue
−768 𝐼 2+1088 𝐼
res( 2 -1, f(z))=
768−544 2
The singularity
z= -1 - 2
Will be skipped because the singularity is not in our region.
The singularity z=∞
Will skipped because only residues at finite singularities are counted.
Our sum is
5 −768 𝐼 2+1088 𝐼
2 𝐼 𝜋 ∑𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑧, 𝑓 𝑧 = 2 𝐼 𝜋( 2 𝐼 + 2 )
768−544 2

The solution is
2 𝜋 cos(𝑥)4 5 −768 𝐼 2+1088 𝐼
‫׬‬0 1+sin(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝐼 𝜋(2 𝐼 + 2 768−544 2

We can try to sove it using real calculus and obtain the result

2 𝜋 cos(𝑥)4 𝜋(4 2 −5)

‫׬‬0 1+sin(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 =
( 2+1)( 2−1)