Kendali Elektronik Motor Listrik

Electric Motors
Tipe motor listrik
• Motor DC
• Motor AC

1. Motor DC
 Paralel / Shunt
 Seri / Series
 Campuran / Compound
 Magnet Permanen
 Eksitasi Terpisah / Separately excited
 Switched reluctance motors
2. AC motors
 Induksi / Induction
 Wound rotor synchronous
 Permanent magnet synchronous
 Reluctance motors
 Manufacturing

• To move materials and parts for processing and assembly

• Milling machines
• CNC machines powered by electric or hydraulic motors.
• Robots or manipulators - electric or hydraulic.
• A familiar example: pick and place robot
• etc.
Domestic
• Mostly electric motors
• Such devices include :
• the coffee grinder,
• dishwasher, vacuum cleaner, sewing machine,
• video recorder, CD player, camera,
• personal computer,
• power tools,
• electric razors,
• etc.
 Automobiles

• Both electric and hydraulic, e.g.:

• steering and suspension systems.
• electric windows,
• central door locking, sunroof operation,
• mirror positioning, etc.
• Some top of the range vehicles use in excess of one hundred motors.
Autonomous and Remotely
Controlled Vehicles
• Mostly use electric motors for:
• movement of the vehicle and
• the steering mechanism.
• Some vehicles are remotely controlled for use in
hazardous environments such as:
• firefighting and bomb disposal. These may
have alternative drive mechanisms such as
pneumatic, for safety reasons.
 Information Technology

Motors are found in abundance in IT

equipment:
• Personal computers:
• disk drives,
• CD drives,
• floppy drives etc.
• Printers,
• Fax machines, etc.
 Healthcare

Specialist healthcare equipment:

• the dentist’s drill is commonly pneumatic although some are being replaced
with very small electric motors.
• Electric wheelchairs are now much more common than they used to be, due
in part to improved battery technology.
• Dialysis pumps etc.
The Motion Control
Depending on the application, motion control can refer to:
• simple on-off control,
• a sequencing of events,
• controlling the speed of a motor,
• moving objects from one point to another
• precisely constraining the speed, acceleration, and position of a system
throughout a move.
Konverter Daya
• Ada 2 jenis tegangan listrik yaitu AC dan DC
• Sistem konversi
• AC ke AC berubah frekuensi dan/atau amplitude tegangan
• AC ke DC penyearah /rectifier
• DC ke DC berubah nilai tegangan dan arus
• DC ke AC pembalik /inverter
ELECTRIC DRIVES
 Kendali Motor Konvensional

• Besar, berat, dan menghabiskan tempat

• Tidak efisien
• Tidak fleksibel dan Tidak portabel
Kendali Motor Listrik (Dengan Konverter Elektronika Daya)

• Kecil
• Efisien
• Fleksibel dan Portabel
Motor Listrik
• Motor DC magnet permanen, eksitasi sendiri, eksitasi terpisah
• Motor AC induksi, sinkron

Power sources
• DC Baterai, Sel Surya
• AC PLN 1 fasa dan 3 fasa

Konverter
• AC-DC  Rectifier
• DC-DC  Chopper
• DC-AC  Inverter
• AC-AC  Cycloconverter
Control unit
• analog- bising, inflexible, ideally has infinite bandwidth.
• digital – immune to noise, configurable, bandwidth is smaller than
the analog controller’s
• DSP/microprocessor – flexible, lower bandwidth - DSPs perform
faster operation than microprocessors (multiplication in single
cycle), can perform complex estimations
Kendali vektor tanpa sensor - Hitachi

Sistem Kendali - ABB

Components in electric drives

Control unit
• analog- noisy, inflexible, ideally has infinite bandwidth.
• digital – immune to noise, configurable, bandwidth is smaller than
the analog controller’s
• DSP/microprocessor – flexible, lower bandwidth - DSPs perform
faster operation than microprocessors (multiplication in single
cycle), can perform complex estimations
Overview of AC and DC drives

DC motors : Regular maintenance, heavy, expensive, speed limit

Easy control, decouple control of torque and flux

AC motors : Less maintenance, light, less expensive, high speed

Coupling between torque and flux – variable
spatial angle between rotor and stator flux
Overview of AC and DC drives

Before semiconductor devices were introduced (<1950)

• AC motors for fixed speed applications
• DC motors for variable speed applications

After semiconductor devices were introduced (1950s)

• Variable frequency sources available – AC motors in variable
speed applications
• Coupling between flux and torque control
• Application limited to medium performance applications –
fans, blowers, compressors – scalar control

• High performance applications dominated by DC motors –

tractions, elevators, servos, etc