Application Of

Statistics In Different
Fields
1. Mathematics
The formulas used in math are reliable, but to
get more precision and exactness, statistics
methods are important. In fact, it is called the
branch of applied math.
There are common techniques that both the
fields have adopted from each other such as
statistical methods, namely probability,
dispersion, etc., used in math and mathematical
concepts like integration and algebra are used
in former.
2. Business
There are times when a businessman has to
make quick decisions, and this can be done by
using its concepts which make the decision-
making easy.
He strategizes the marketing, finance,
production, resource through it.
What are the tastes and preferences of
consumers? What should be the quality? What
should be the target market? All these questions
are answered using statistical tools.
3. Economics
There are so many concepts of economics that
are completely dependent on statistics.
e data collected to find out the national
income, employment, inflation, etc., are
interpreted through it. In fact, theory of demand
and supply, relationship between exports and
imports are studied through this subject.
The perfect example of this is census; the bureau
uses its formulas for calculating a country’s
population.
4. Country’s Administration
Many national policies are decided using
statistical methods, and administrative
decisions are taken based on its data.
Statistics provides most accurate data
which helps government to make budgets
and estimate expenditures and revenues.
It is also used to revise the pay scale of
employees in case cost of living is rising.
5. Astronomy
When scientists measured the distance between
sun and earth, or moon and earth, they did not
use any measurement scale or ruler for that.
It was these statistical methods that helped
them to find out the best answers and estimates
that are possible.
It is difficult to measure the mass, size, distance,
density of objects in the universe without any
error, but statistics formulas do this with the best
probability.
6. Banking
When someone deposits his money in
banks, the idea is that he will not withdraw
the amount in the near future. So, banks
lend this money to other customers to
earn profit in the form of interest.
They use statistical approach for this
service. They compare the number of
people making deposits against the
number of people requesting loans and at
the same time ascertaining the estimated
day for the claim
7. Accounting And Auditing
Although accounting needs exactness in
calculating the profit and loss of the
business, certain decisions can be taken
according to approximation which is
done through statistics.
For example, sampling may be used to
find out the current trends in the market as
it does not require any precision.
8. Natural And Social Science
Almost all fields of science such as biology,
chemistry, physics, etc., use statistical methods
for experimenting and analyzing their results.
In biology, it is used in biostatistics, biometrics,
which includes investigating about medicines,
pharmacy, agriculture, fishery, etc.
Same way, probability theory is used in physics
while estimating large population, results of
thermodynamics use statistical tools.
Sociology is also based on the subject to
analyze and interpret data and test hypothesis.
How to Present Data
Presentation of data
-This refers to the organization of
data into tables , graphs , or charts, so
that logical and statistical conclusions
can be derived from the collected
measurements.
Data may be presented in (3 Methods)
-Textual
-Tabular
-Graphical
1. Textual Presentation
The data gathered  Example :
are presented in -Of the 150 sample
interviewed, the following
paragraph form complaints were noted : 27
Data are written for lack of books in the
library, 25 for a dirty
and read playground, 20 for lack of
It is combination of laboratory equipment, 17
for a not well maintained
text and figures university buildings.
2. Tabular Presentation
Method of
presenting data
using statistical
table
A systematic
organization of
data in columns
and rows
1. Bar Graphs
2. Pie or Circle Graph
3. Line Graph
4. Pictograph
Measures of Central
Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency
provide a summary measure that
attempts to describe a whole set of
data with a single value that
represents the middle or centre of its
distribution.
 There are three main measures of
central tendency: the mean, the
median and the mode.
1. Mean
The mean of a data set is also known as the
average value. It is calculated by dividing the
sum of all values in a data set by the number of
values
 So in a data set of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we would
calculate the mean by adding the values
(1+2+3+4+5) and dividing by the total
number of values (5). Our mean then is
15/5, which equals 3.
2. Median
The median of a data set is the value that
is at the middle of a data set arranged
from smallest to largest.
In the data set 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the median is
3.
In a data set with an even number of
observations, the median is calculated by
dividing the sum of the two middle values
by two. So in: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, the median is
(3+4)/2, which equals 3.5.
3. Mode
The mode is the most common
observation of a data set, or the
value in the data set that occurs
most frequently.
in the one data set (e.g. in: 1, 2, 2, 2,
3, 4, 5, 5, therefore, the mode is 2).
Measures of Dispersion
• Measures of dispersion provide
information about how much
variation there is in the data,
including the range, inter-quartile
range, variance, and the standard
deviation.


1. Range
The range is simply the difference
between the maximum and minimum
values in a data set.
Range = max – min
So in a data set of 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 17, 19, 20, the
range is the difference between 2
and 20.
18 = 20 - 2
2. Inter-Quartile Range
 The IQR is found by first finding the median of a data set,
then by finding the medians of the bottom 50% of the
data and the top 50% of the data.
 Find the median: 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 17,
19, 20
 Find the first quartile (Q1), which is the median of the
bottom 50%: 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
 Find the second quartile (Q2), which is the median of the
top 50%: 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 17, 19, 20
 The IQR is the difference between Q1 and Q2.
 IQR = Q2 - Q1
 10 = 15 - 5
3. Variance
Variance (σ2) in
statistics is a
measurement of the
spread between
numbers in a data set
That is, it measures
how far each number
in the set is from the
mean and therefore
from every other
number in the set.
3. Standard Deviation
 The standard deviation is
a statistic that measures
the dispersion of a
dataset relative to its
mean and is calculated
as the square root of
the variance.
 It is calculated as the
square root of variance
by determining the
variation between each
data point relative to the
mean.
Thank You for Listening

prepaired by : Ma. Lyn

Fernandez and darry
portes