EE566: Optical Communication

Optical CDMA
Presented by: George Partasides
http://partasides.da.ru

Optical CDMA Electrical 

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Overview

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

History Overview (CDMA)

 1938, in the field of radar systems, examples
of frequency hopping signal patterns were
patented
 During and after WWII the fact of BW
expansion without pulse narrowing could also
provide finer time resolution.
 1950s Sol Golomb first Books on CDMA
 Early system are ARC-50 by Magnavox and
satellite radios as well as few GPS systems

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

History Overvirew (Optical CDMA)

 Relatively new technique in Optical
Fiber communications and seems to
outperform traditional TDM and WDM
 First applied in mid 1980’s by A.Salehi
Prucnal and some others.
 Aim for Terabit performance on
Broadband Networks by reducing the
cost of every aspect in optical network.

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Introduction
 CDMA used extensively in radio
frequency communication systems,
especially in 2G and 3G cellular
telephone networks.
 Basic Advantage is the way it handles a
finite BW among a large number of
users (more users can transmit the
same data over the same Bandwidth)
 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides
 EE 566: Optical Communications

…introduction (comparison)
 TDMA and WDMA schemes present
significant drawbacks in Local Area
Systems when large number of users
must be considered.
 TDMA: one user tx at a time 
 System capacity = users * tx rate
 WDMA: Four wave mixing as discussed
(next slide)

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Drawbacks DWDM (revisited)

 Dispersion
 Attenuation
 Four wave mixing
 Non-linear nature of refractive index of optical
fiber
 Limits channel capacity of the DWDM System
Difficult to construct for dynamic set of multiple
users because of the significant amount of
coordination among the nodes required for
successful operation.
 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides
 EE 566: Optical Communications

…comparison
 Optical CDMA does not need time and
frequency management because all the users
transmit using the whole BW at the same
time!
 It can also operate asynchronously (as in
wireless applications) without packet
collisions.
 Slot allocation requirements are not needed
here in contradiction to TDMA and WDMA

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

…comparison (Advantages)
 Simple implementation, using existing fiber
networks
 Reduce the cost in every aspect:
 Equipment , outside plant
 Facilities , Operational Support systems
 SECURITY
 Eliminate many of intermediate time-division
multiplexing steps required by SONET

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

How does o-CDMA work

 The principle is the same as in wireless
application. Each user is assigned a unique
code (spreading length -L-) which is
multiplied by each bit. This code is only
known to the receiver in order to demodulate
the data.
 The most important part for correct detection
is the code. This code must be uncorrelated
from other user’s codes and be orthogonal.

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Orthogonal Code example

Two optical orthogonal Code with length L = 32 and λα = λc =1.

(a) First code is represented

by placing a pulse at the
1st, 10th 13th and 28th chip
positions.

(b) Second code is

represented by placing a
pulse at the 1st, 5th 12th
and 31st chip positions.

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

…how does o-CDMA works

 O-CDMA divides the fiber spectrum into
individual codes, all derived from a
single broadband optical source (WDM
divides the spectrum into narrow optical
wavelengths)
 It is a simple 3 – step process:
 Source – Filter – Modulator
Filter: Spatial Filter can be thought an optical Bar code
(fixed or programmable)

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

 Optical CDMA is a broadcast technology, with all

information going to all parts of the network.
 When a receiver is placed anywhere on the network
with a bar code that matches a transmitter, that
signal alone is decoded and extracted from the
network.
 The second requirement for an all-optical network,
the ability to economically add users.
 A simple tap and insert coupler is installed in the lateral
fiber run to multiple users, and a receiver is installed at each
terminating location

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Internet Traffic – The need -

 The increase of data through network
and specifically LANS

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

Internet Traffic some statistics

250% increase in internet traffic in our University in one year

time!
 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides
 EE 566: Optical Communications

References
 Textbooks
 Spread Spectrum CDMA Systems for wireless Communications (savo
Glisic , Branka Vucetic)
 Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook(Marvin K. Simon, Jim K.
Omura, Robert A. Scholtz, Barry K.Levitt)
 Wireless Network Evolution 2G to 3G (Vijay K. Garg)

 Links

 Optical CDMA with Optical Orthogonal Code

 Effects of Optical Layer Impairments on 2.5 Gb/s Optical CDMA Transmission
 http://www.tks.buffalo.edu/usg/Public/Mail/Imap-s/Stats/lookup.html
 http://www.technologie.pl/fiber/zalacznik/artykuly/
 http://www.technologie.pl/fiber/zalacznik/artykuly/report09981.htm
 http://telephonyonline.com/ar/telecom_seamless_mobility_real/index.htm

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides

 EE 566: Optical Communications

 Optical CDMA Electrical by George Partasides