BLIND SCHOOL

SAHIL
15BAC019
•INTRODUCTION

•India is home to the world’s largest number of blind people. According to census 2011, the number
of visually handicapped is 10,634,881 (1%) of which 753962 are in Uttar Pradesh itself with 26%
children and 423629 illiterate people

•Vision is the primary source of information for most children. No other sense can stimulate curiosity,
integrate information or invite exploration in the same way, or as efficiently and fully as vision does

•can best be assessed and interpreted by qualified educators.

•Since 85& of all early learning is visual, the child who is blind or visually impaired is at great risk for
developmental delays.

•Today the society has become conscious for the education of visually impaired. A lot of government
sources fund these schools and work towards the betterment. Unfortunately majority of these
schools are accommodated in existing building which do not cater to the requirements of the physical
environment which stimulates their learning process.

•Access and use of spaces by persons with visual impairments can be very simple if careful
consideration is given to issues during the design stage. The use of colour and textural contrasting can
be used in many ways to provide clues of pending events e.g., the approach to a change in leve

•Considering the selection of materials to minimize glare, or prevent “hot spots” on surfaces, goes a
long way to the comfort of persons with visual impairments.
 AIM
To establish a national level school designed specially to function for visually impaired children from nursery
to secondary level.
•To study the different types of Building Elements for Planning and Design of Spaces.
•To give Barrier free environment to the Blind Students.
•To survive the growth of a blind children capacity to create wealth and goodwill for itself and for the
nation.
•To Design buildings as per the comfort for the blind Students.
•To develop and architectural language for visually challenged by understanding senses other than vision.
•To provide basic and elementary education and extra skills necessary as per core curriculum.

•OBJECTIVES
Objectives of the study include:
•To study the problem for barrier free environment
•To study the design principal for universal design
•To study the standards provided by different authorities.

SCOPE
The research is targeted on learning information about Museum architecture. The study covers the various
museums, need for museums, various design factors in a museum, visitors experience in a museum.
METHODOLOGY

TOPIC: AIMS: To study the different types of Building Elements for

PLANNING AND Planning and Design of Spaces
DESIGN OF SPACES •OBJECTIVES: To study the problem for barrier free environment
•To study the design principal for universal design
PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT •To study the standards provided by different authorities.
ROLE IN BARRIER FREE
MOVEMENT OF BLIND
STUDENTS

LITERATURE STUDY

CASE STUDIES
•NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BLIND
•BLIND RELEIF ASSOCIATION OF BLIND
•HAZELWOOD SCHOOL

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS AND FEATURES
1.Glare and Light Sources
Glare can be distracting to all individuals. For this reason floors, walls and other work surfaces should have
little to no reflective glare, as it is a major problem for individuals with reduced vision. This can be achieved
in a variety of ways such as:
•strategically placing lighting sources;
•installing blinds on natural light sources, especially those which
• face west and south-west; and Installing task lighting.

Design Requirements
•Large expanses of flooring shall have a matte or horned finish to reduce reflective glare. High gloss
materials may be incorporated as part of floor finish so long as it does not result in large reflective surfaces.
•Horizontal surfaces shall be of matte or satin finish to reduce glare.
•Vertical surfaces shall have matte or satin finishes. High gloss materials may be incorporated as part of wall
finish so long as it does not result in large reflective surfaces.
•Sun screenings, such as curtains or blinds, shall be provided where direct sunlight may negatively affect the
level of lighting or reflective glare.
•By incorporating lenses and di users, or using recessed light sources, light fixtures shall not create glare.
•Surface-mounted fluorescent ceiling fixtures shall:
A. Have darkened sides;
B. Be positioned perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel; and
C. Create an indirect light (e.g., valance type lighting).
D. Supplementary lighting shall be used to enhance special features and key orientation, provided
Materials and Finishes
When choosing materials and finishes, consideration should be given to:
ease of movement across flooring for individuals with mobility aids or vision impairments.
slip resistance
Minimisation of glare.
Design Requirements
•Paved surfaces suitable for walkways include but are not limited to:
1)Macadam;
2)Concrete;
3)Compacted gravel screenings;
4)Interlocking brick; and
5)Patio stone.
6)Paved surfaces shall:
7)Be sloped for easy drainage;
8)Have a maximum joint space of 6 mm (1/4 in.)
9)Gratings and grills shall:
10)Be to one side of the walk; or
11)Have bars perpendicular to the main direction of travel; and
12)Have a maximum opening of13 mm (1/2 in.).
 STEPS AND STAIRS
•Be non-slip; and
•
•Have highly contrasting nosings.
•
•Ramps shall be firm with a non-slip finish
•.
•Handrails and guardrails shall be:
1.
1. Continuous;
2. Made of a smooth material
3. Painted in a contrasting colour to the surrounding environment.

Texture and colour

Individuals with visual impairments may be dependent on colour or texture cues for navigation. These cues
shall be simple and repetitive. Heavy or distinct materials should be used with caution as they may cause
confusion.
Design Requirements
Texture:
Surfaces that are to be textured for warning shall be cane detectable and different from surrounding
materials.
Suitable flooring textures include, but are not limited to:
Exterior concrete with saw cuts not more than 50 mm (2 in.) apart. The saw cuts shall be at right
angles to the path of travel;
Raised domes, dots or squares;
 1)Deep grooved concrete, terrazzo or other stone materials. The grooves shall be at right angles to the
path of travel; and
2)A carborundum material or other non-slip materials.
3)Supplementary textures may be used for minor paths of travel.
•When defining a specific hazard, the same texture should be used throughout the building.

Colour :
•Pronounced colour contrast shall be used to:
1)Show boundaries of objects;
2)Distinguish backgrounds; and
3)Enhance spatial objects.
4)Warm colours should be used whenever possible, as they are easier for individuals with visual
impairments to recognise.

Signage shall:
•Reflect a minimum of70% light contrast;
•Have contrasting colours such as white or Yellow on black to enhance visibility; and
•Not use neutral colours such as light grey or pastel colours.