Presentation on

GSM & CDMA

Network

Submitted by: VIJAY SINGH YADAV

0709231102
ECE- VIIB
 Contents
• Basic Landline Architecture
• GSM-Introduction
• History of GSM
• Architecture
• Comparison
• Conclusion
INSIDE HISTORY: BSNL
 
• Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited  known as BSNL, India
Communications Corporation Limited) is a state-owned 
telecommunication enterprise in India. BSNL is the Third
largest cellular service provider, with over 66.88 million
customers as of June 2010 and the largest land line
 telephone provider in India. BSNL further plans to increase
its customer base to 160 Million by March, 2014. Its
headquarters are at Bharat Sanchar Bhawan, Harish
Chandra Mathur Lane, Janpath, New Delhi. It has the
status of Miniratna, a status assigned to reputed Central
Public Sector Enterprise in India.
 BASIC LANDLINE ARCHITECTURE

LOCAL MAIN
EXCHANGE EXCHANGE

MAIN TAX TAX

EXCHANGE L1 L2

LOCAL MAIN
EXCHANGE EXCHANGE
• IN cellular services there are two
main complementary network
technologies, global system for
mobile communication (GSM)
and code division multiple access
(CDMA).
What is GSM ?
Global System for Mobile Communocation
(GSM) is a second generation cellular
standard developed to cater voice services
and data delivery using digital modulation
 History Of GSM
: Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded
1982)

: Aim : to replace the incompatible analog

system
 First GSM Launched
• 18years ago: the first produced GSM phone.
• Nokia launched the world's first commercially available
GSM digital phone, the Nokia 1011, the model number
coming from the launch date: 10 November 1992.
• Nokia's 1011: first GSM
• The 475g 1011 was rather heavier than today's slimline
models. A lot of the weight came from the unit's nickel-
cadmium rechargeable battery, which yielded a low - by
today's standards - talk time of just 90 minutes. It could stay
operational for 12 hours in stand-by mode.
• The 195 x 60 x 45mm handset could hold 99 phone numbers
and the names of their owners, any of which could be
displayed on the 1011's two-line screen. There was no
colour, no camera, no Bluetooth, no memory card slot and
the handset had to have an extendible antenna. But it did
introduce one innovation that phone owners now use
without a second thought: text messaging.
 GSM IN WORLD

Figures: March, 2005 Arab World

3% Asia Pacific
3%
3% Africa
3% (INDIA)
East Central Asia
4% 37% Europe
Russia
43% 4% India
1%
North America
South America
GSM Frequency
Regions In World
 Cellular Architecture
BSC A
Abis HLR
VLR
Um

MSC PSTN
BSC
EIR

AuC

BTS

Mobile Base Station Network

Station Subsystem Subsystem

11
GSM System Architecture-I
• Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
• Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
History And
Development Of CDMA
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is
first used in military based communication
technology used during World War II by
English allies to Stop German attempts to
decode transmissions

• A Company named Qualcomm created

communications chips and designs for
CDMA technology and later claimed
patents on the technology.

• Claude Shannon and Robert Pierce had

provided CDMA framework in 1949.
 Why CDMA?

C ode
CDMA is extremely robust and
provides excellent audio quality

D ivision
M ultiple
A ccess
Code Division Multiple Access
Principles
• Many voice channels
share the same
frequency band
• No timeslots; all channel
uses the same frequency
simultaneously all the
time
• Channels are
differentiated by its
code
• Signaling uses a
dedicated frequency
band
 Spread Spectrum Principles

Many code channels are individually

“spread” and then added together to
create a “composite signal”
 Comparison
• TDMA of GSM.
The data transmission in TDMA is actually
not continuous. It occurs in bursts. But the
time between these bursts for a single
mobile phone user is very very short, so
that he never knows that the speech of the
other person is discontinuous!

But the CDMA system has a soft capacity

limit. That is increasing the number of users
will decreases the system performance.

• ( any comments Reliance users..?..!!!!!!!).

 Some Facts
GSM is a widely spread standard and CDMA is
a patented technology. That is you must pay a
royalty for using CDMA! . So being a GSM user
you have virtually an international roaming. You
can easily use a GSM phone in any of
Available countries while roaming.
GSM users are almost 8 times in number than
CDMA users worldwide. By being a GSM user
you will be part of the largest mobile
community.
And coming to voice quality GSM is far better
than CDMA.
 Conclusion
In general I say both GSM and CDMA are frontier technologies
and both have good and bad qualities. And in the case of
mobile handsets the fact is that GSM handsets are very
popular and many of the new facilties are readily available in
GSM phones with lesser price. The reason is simple...nokia
and motorola needs profit...and they will invest more in GSM
because GSM has 8 times more users than CDMA.

GSM still holds the upper hand however. There's the numerical
advantage for one thing: 456 million GSM users versus
CDMA's 82 million
Future Of GSM
 2nd Generation
 GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)

 2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM)

HSCSD (High Speed ckt Switched data)
Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps)
GPRS (General Packet Radio service)
Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps
EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)
Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max)
 3 Generation
WCDMA(Wide band CDMA)
Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps
Thank You