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Learning 1
Learning 1
Observational Learning
1. Attentional processes account for the information that is selected for observation in the
environment. People might select to observe real-life models or models they encounter via
media.
3. Production processes reconstruct the memories of the observations so what was learned
can be applied in appropriate situations. In many cases, this doesn’t mean the observer will
replicate the observed action exactly, but that they will modify the behavior to produce a
variation that fits the context.
In addition to the information models can convey during observational learning, models can also
increase or decrease the observer’s belief in their self-efficacy to enact observed behaviors and
bring about desired outcomes from those behaviors. When people see others like them succeed,
they also believe they can be capable of succeeding. Thus, models are a source of motivation and
inspiration.
Perceptions of self-efficacy influence people’s choices and beliefs in themselves, including the
goals they choose to pursue and the effort they put into them, how long they’re willing to
persevere in the face of obstacles and setbacks, and the outcomes they expect. Thus, self-
efficacy influences one’s motivations to perform various actions and one's belief in their ability to
do so.
Such beliefs can impact personal growth and change. For example, research has shown that
enhancing self-efficacy beliefs is more likely to result in the improvement of health habits than
the use of fear-based communication. Belief in one’s self-efficacy can be the difference between
whether or not an individual even considers making positive changes in their life.
According to Albert Bandura, Self-efficacy can be developed through the following;
• Mastery experience -accomplishing simple task that lead to more complex tasks.
• Improving physical and emotional states - being relaxed and calm before pursuing a
challenging task.