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ATRIAL FIBRIL ASI

G A SURYAWATI
Atrial fibrillation
accounts for 1/3 of all 6%
patient discharges PSVT
with arrhythmia as 6%
PVCs 18%
principal diagnosis. Unspecified
4%
Atrial
Flutter

9% 34%
SSS Atrial
Fibrillation

8%
Conduction
Disease
10% VT
3% SCD

Data source: Baily D. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19(3):41A.


2% VF
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
• Unorganized, very rapid electrical foci in the atria
• No contraction of the atria as a whole
• In order to protect the ventricles, the AV node
blocks most of the atrial impulses from conducting
through to the ventricles, thus protecting the
ventricles
• Controlled rate = ventricular rate < 100 beats/min
• Uncontrolled rate = ventricular rate > 100
beats/min
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

• Characteristics of atrial fibrillation:


– Ventricular rhythm is usually irregularly irregular
– Average ventricular rate is 160 – 180 beats/min on no drugs
– No P waves seen
– QRS interval is usually normal (narrow)
– If see discrete P waves…think of MAT
• This clinical scenario is a cardiac or pulmonary patient in the ICU.
Thought to be due to a hyperadrenergic state and CCB and helpful.
PATOFISIOLOGI AF
• Penyakit jantung struktural
remodeling atrium ( akibat peningkatan stress dinding
ditandai dg proliferasi dan diferensiasi fibroblas menjadi
miofibroblas
deposisi jaringan ikat & fibrosis atrium meningkat
Gangguan elektrik antara serabut otot dan serabut
koneduksi atrium
PATOFISIOLOGI AF
• Sistem saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis
Ca2+ intraselular meningkat oleh simpatis
Pemendekan periode refraktori efektif atrium oleh
parasimpatis
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
– Control the rate using IV calcium channel blockers
or beta-blockers…IV dig does not work
– If the A-fib is chronic (> 48 hours)
• Chemical cardioversion after a period of anticoagulation
• Electrical cardioversion only after anticoagulation
F I B R I L A S I AT R I A L
A . G E LO M B A N G F I B R I L A S I
B . F I B R I L A S I AT R I A L D E N G A N R E S P O N V E N T R I K U L E R C E PAT
C . F I B R I L A S I AT R I A L D E N G A N R E S P O N V E N T R I K U L E R L A M B AT
FIBRILASI ATRIAL DENGAN KONDUKSI
VENTRIKULER ABERAN ATAU GANGGUAN
KONDUKSI INTRAVENTRIKULER
CLASSIFICATION OF ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION
• AF yang pertama kali terdiagnosis
• AF paroksismal : terminasi spontan dalam 48 jam, namun dapat
berlanjut hingga 7 hari
• AF persisten : episode menetap lebih dari 7 hari, atau yg memerlukan
kardioversi dg obat atau listrik
• AF long standing: AF yang bertahan ≥ 1 th dan kendali irama masih
akan diterapkan
• AF permanen: strategi kendali irama sudah tidak digunakan
AF: ANTICOAGULATION - GENERAL
POINTS
• AF most common significant rhythm disorder
– Prevalence: 1.5%-3% of patients in their 60s
5%-7% of patients in their 70s
15% of patients in their 80s
• AF most potent common risk factor for stroke
– Relative risk = 5
• Patients with AF can be stratified according to risk of stroke
• AF  3X RISK for HF

Feinberg WM e al. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:469 Wolf PA et al. Stroke1991;22:983


ATRIAL FLUTTER
• Usually a single, irritable foci in the atria (right)
• AV node protects the ventricles by blocking some of the
atrial impulses (decremental conduction)
• P waves take on a “sawtooth” appearance and are called
F waves or flutter waves
– Atrial rhythm and ventricular response are usually regular
– Atrial rate 250-350 beats/min. Ventricular rate varies
depending on the number of impulses the AV node is blocking
– No P waves or PR interval
– QRS normal width or with aberrancy
ATRIAL FLUTTER
• Treatment:
– Same as atrial fibrillation but often harder to slow the
ventricular rate
– Long term treatment is ablation and NOT drugs!
GELEPAR ATRIAL (ATRIAL FLUTTER)
• Denyutan atria yang cepat dan teratur, dengan frekuensi 250-
350/menit
• Ciri khas :
Adanya gelombang gelepar : gelombang-gelombang P yang teratur,
frekuensi 250-350/menit, berbentuk gergaji (terutama di II, III, dan
aVF), sumbu pada bidang frontal ialah –90o
Biasanya terdapat konduksi 2 : 1, karena simpul AV tak dapat
meneruskan semua impuls dari atria
QRS sempit, kecuali terdapat konduksi ventrikuler aberan atau
BCBKi/BCBKa
Karena banyaknya gelombang yang bertumpukan, maka bentuk
gergaji sering tidak nampak jelas.
GELEPAR ATRIAL
A . GELOMBANG GELEPAR, BENTUK GERGA JI DI II, III, AVF
B. GELEPAR ATRIAL DENGAN KONDUKSI AV 2 :1
TATALAKSANA AF
• Karioversi bila tidak stabil
• Antikoagulan sesuai risiko stroke
• Kendali laju
• Kendali irama
• Penutupan aurikel atrium kiri
DIGOXIN
• Ix/: AF
• Dosis : 0,5- 1,5 mg/hari
• Pemberian 0,5 mg dalam 5cc NS dalam 5-10
menit,evaluasi 6 jam:
– HR < 100x/’=0,25 mg po
– HR > 100x/’=0,25vmg iv

• Hati-hati pada pasien dg SC > 2


• Monitoring tanda intoksikasi digitalis
AMIODARON
• Pada Atrial Fibrilasi
300 mg ( 2 amp) dijadikan 25 cc dalam Dex
5%= 50 cc/jam (dlm 1 jam)
Maintenance : 600 mg habis dalam 24 jam =
2cc/jam
MELAKUKAN SYNCRONIZED
CARDIOVERSION
• Pasien di-sedasi,management airway
• Nyalakan alat DC shock, mode syncronize
• Pilih energi ; sesuai ekg aritmia
• Paddle dioles jelly
• Posisikan paddle di dada pasien : right anterior chest wall nd left
axilary(ant)
• Charge alat dengan menekan tombol charge
• Beri aba2, dan tidak ada yg bersentuhan dg pasien(clear)
• Tekan tombol “shock”
• Lakukan RJP segera stlh “shock” diberikan
CHA2DS2VASC
• Congestive heart failure (EF≤40%)
• Hypertension
• Age (>75 th skor 2)
• Diabetes melitus
• Stroke (skor 2)
• Vascular ds
• Sex category(female)
ANTIKOAGULAN PADA AF
• Valvular AF  warfarin(AVK)
• Non Valvular AF  sesuai CHA2DSVASc :
0 : tanpa antikoagulan
≥1 : antikoagulan ( direk antikoagulan, antagonis vit K)

Target INR:2-3

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