What have you

learned from your

previous lessons?
 What is the
legendary bird of
Maranao?
 What is the unique
carving use by
Maranao and
Maguindanaon in their
designs?
ARCHITECTURE
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES
OF ARTS
1. Color
2. Form
3. Line
4. Shape
5. Space
6. Texture
7. Value
TOROGAN
-Ancestral house of the upper-
class Maranao.
-It is the dwelling place of the Datu
along with his wives and children.
-It signifies rank, prestige and
wealth. There could not be any
house larger than torogan of the
datu within the sultanate.
 The National Museum has
declared the Maranao
torogan, specifically the
kawayan torogan as one of
the National Cultural
Treasures through Museum
Declaration No. 4-2008.
PANOLONG
-Used to as decoration /ornament
flaring out from the beams of
torogan.
- It is a wing-like and usually
features the naga or serpent,
pakoradong or stylized fern, as
well as floral and star-and-bud
motifs.
BADJAO HOUSE
-Also known as Sama-Badjau, are
the “Sea Gypsies” or the nomads
if the Sulu Sea.
- Their main source of livelihood is
fishing and hunting, thus, most of
them live in boat houses or
houses on stilts around the Sulu
archipelago.
THE GRAND MOSQUE OF
COTABATO
-The Grand Mosque of Cotabato, also
known as Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah
Masjid.
-It was founded by the Philippine
government and the Sultan of Brunei for
whom the masjid was named.
-It occupies 5000 square meters of a five
hectare land. The four minarets stand at a
towering 43 meters high (more or less
fifteenstory building).
- Masjid is an Arabic word for Mosque
FORT PILAR OF
ZAMBOANGA
-Also called “Real Fuerza de
Nuestra Señora del Pilar
Zaragoza”, was engineered by
Fr. Melchor De Vera in 1635 and
still stands strong until today.
-It was built to protect the people
from pirates of the Sulu Sea.
 MONASTERY OF
THE
TRANSFIGURATION
OF BUKIDNON
-The monastery is located atop of the hill
of Malaybalay Bukidnon.
-It was founded by Fr. Abbot Eduardo
Africa and run by the Benedictine Monks.
-The National Artist for architecture,
Leandro Locsin
- Pyramid-like structure.
- Leandro Locsin’s last design and
considered as one of the best, aside from
the CCP and Davao International Airport
SANTO ROSARIO CHURCH
OF CAMIGUIN
-The original church was built in 1882
using coral stones, but the old
infrastructures were too weak. It was
retrofitted with steel bars using modern
building techniques.
-Because of the driftwood chandeliers
used in the altar
-The builders used local materials
particularly woven bamboo skin which
highlights the local traditions of the island
 Is Torogan’s
architectural design
applicable or an ideal
type of houses design
nowadays,
considering the
climate change?
Yes, because the elevated
design is suited in tropical
areas, free from harm like
floods. Wide windows and
no divisions, the air can
pass freely.
 What is the
contribution of
Mindanao’s
architecture to
Filipino culture?
It serves as one of the
identities, cultural
heritage of Filipinos.
Multiple Choice
1. The ancestral house of the
upper-class of Maranao; it is the
dwelling place of the datu along
with his wives and children.

a. Panolong
b. Torogan
c. Badjao House
2. An ornament of the Maranao
house that has carvings of
serpent, floral, and star-and-bud
motif.

a. Okir
b. Panolong
c. Torogan
3. The Sultan of Brunei for whom
the Grand Mosque of
Cotabato was named.

a. Sultan Kudarat
b. Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah
Masjid
c. Sultan bin Abdulaziz
4. The National Artist for
Architecture who designed the
Monastery of the Transfiguration.

a. Fernando Amorsolo
b. Juan Nakpil
c. Leandro Locsin
5. The fort built by the Spaniards
in order to protect from pirates
from the Sulu Sea during the
Spanish colonial period.

a. Fort Pilar
b. Fort Santiago
c. Fort San Pedro
6. This church was originally
made of coral stones then
retrofitted due to its weak
infrastructure.

a. Santo Rosario Church of

Camiguin
b. Tamauini Church of Isabela
c. Miag-ao Church of Iloilo
7. The National Museum declared
it as National Cultural
Treasure of the Philippines.

a. Grand Mosque of Cotabato

b. Monastery of Transfiguration of
Bukidnon
c. Kawayan Torogan
Key to correction:

1. Torogan
2. Panolong
3. Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid
4. Leandro Locsin
5. Fort Pilar/ Real Fuerz de Nuestra
Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
6. Santo Rosario Church of Camiguin
7. Kawayan Torogan/Toroga