Motivation II:

APPLIED CONCEPTS
MOTIVATING BY CHANGING THE
NATURE OF THE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
MOTIVATING BY CHANGING THE
NATURE OF THE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
The Job Characteristics Model
Some Ways To Redesign Jobs
Alternative Work Arrangements
The Job Characteristics Model
1. Skill variety The degree to to which
which a job
The degree
provides
carrying outto to
thewhich
which
workaajobjob
substantial
2. Task identity requires
has substantial
aindependence,
impact
variety on
freedom,
activities required
completion by a ofjobof
a
3. Task significance different
the
and lives
results
whole inor activities
work
discretion
the
and of to
other
individualso the
identifiable
workerofcan
people.
individual
obtaining
piece in use
direct
work. a number
scheduling
and clear
the
4. Autonomy
of different
work and skills
information in
about and
thetalent
determining
5. Feedback the procedures
effectiveness of his
to beor her
used
in carrying it out.
performance.
 Core job Critical psychological Personal and work
dimensions states outcomes

Skill variety Experienced High internal work

meaningfulness of the motivation
Task identity
work
Task significance High-quality work
Experienced performance
Autonomy responsibility for the High satisfaction with the
outcomes of the work work
Knowledge of the actual
Low absenteeism and
Feedback results of the work
turnover
activities

Employee growth-need
strength
How Can Jobs Be Redesigned?
• Job Rotation

• Job Enlargement

• Job Enrichment
Job Rotation
Job rotation is a management method in
which employees are shifted between two
or more assignment or jobs at regular
intervals of time so that employees can
be motivated as well as learn new skills
 Job Enlargement
Job Enrichment
Guidelines
The idea of expanding jobs horizontally, for Enriching a
Job Rotation
Job or enrichment
Suggested action Job
refers to Core
what we call job enlargement the vertical
job dimensions
grew in
expansion of
popularity. jobs.
Combine tasks
It increases
Increasing thethe degree
number
Skill variety
to
and
whichvariety
the worker of tasks controls
that the an planning,
individual
Form natural work units Task identity
execution,
performed and evaluation
resulted of in the
jobswork. with more
Establish client
diversity.
relationships
Task significance

Expand jobs vertically Autonomy

Open feedback channels Feedback

 Alternative Work Arrangements
• Flextime
Job
• Flexible
hours
Sharing
Common
core
Lun
ch
Common
core
Flexible
hours
- Two or more9 people split a 40-hour-a-week job
6 •
- Job
Telecommuting
a.m sharing increase
a.m
12 Result
Ideal
What
flexibility
noon
1 : it problems
job
is most
3
and can increase
p.m p.m
effective
with with
office
6
motivation
p.m
telecommut
and
satisfaction work?
-Hard to find compatible
Writers  Lawyers pairs of employees who
Analysts  can successfully
Telemarketers
Higher productivity, less turnover, improved morale, and
coordinate the intricacies of one job
 Customer-service representatives
reduced office-space costs  Reservation agents
The end.