AMT 118

Aircraft manuals and technical publications

Manuals that are used on different
areas of operation
 Flight operations
 MEL- Minimum equipment list
 It takes into consideration the operator’s particular aircraft equipment,
configuration and operational conditions, routes being flown and
requirements set by the authority.
 FCOM- Flight crew operating manuals
 The Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM) is the support documentation
for flight crews. It
provides them with the necessary information about the operational,
technical, procedural,
and performance characteristics of the XXX aircraft family, to ensure safe
and efficient
operations of the aircraft during normal and abnormal/emergency
situations, that may occur on
ground, or in flight.
 AFM- aircraft Flight manuals
 An aircraft flight manual is a book containing the information required to
safely operate the aircraft. The information within an AFM is also referred
to a Technical Airworthiness Data.
Line and base maintenance
 AMM- Aircraft maintenance manual
 Contains information required to service, repair, replace,
adjust inspect and check equipment and systems on the
aircraft.
 TSM- trouble shooting manual
 Enables the systematic identification, isolation and
correction of aircraft warnings and malfunction
reported in flight and in ground.
 WDM- wiring diagram manual
 Permits full understanding of electrical and electronic
system, operation, trouble shooting and maintenance.
Line and Base maintenance
 SRM- structural repair manuals
 Includes descriptive information as well as specific instructions and
data relative to the field repair of structures and structural
components of the aircraft
 IPC- illustrated parts catalogue
 Intended only for use in identifying , provisioning , requisitioning,
storing and issuing line replaceable aircraft parts and units.
 MEL-minimum equipment list
 CDL-configuration deviation list.
 A configuration deviation list (CDL) is a list, established by the
organization responsible for the type design with the approval of
the State of Design, which identifies any external parts of an aircraft
type which may be missing at the commencement of a flight, and
which contains, where necessary, any information on associated
operating limitations and performance correction.
Shop and over haul maintenance
 CMM- Component maintenance manual
 A formal document which details the way in which off-
aircraft maintenance tasks on the
specified component shall be accomplished.
 O/HM- overhaul manual
 Document that contains detailed task on overhauling a
specific component that is removed from the aircraft.
Technical services
 MPD- Maintenance planning document
 The MPD is the source document for the
initial maintenance program. TheMaintenance
Planning Document (MPD) contains all
the Maintenance Review Board (MRB) requirements,
as contained in the Maintenance Review Board Report
(MRBR) together with all additional mandatory
scheduled maintenancerequirements.
Authorities that implement
regulation on the aviation
 FAA- federal aviation authority
industry
 The Federal Aviation Administration of the United States
is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects
of civil aviation.
 CAAP- civil aviation authority of the Philippines
 The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines is the
national aviation authority of the Philippines and is
responsible for implementing policies on civil aviation to
assure safe, economic and efficient air travel.
 EASA- European aviation safety agency
 The European Aviation Safety Agency or EASA is an agency
of the European Union with responsibility for civil aviation
safety. It carries out certification, regulation, and
standardisation, and also performs investigation and
monitoring.
Common abbreviations found on
technical manuals
 A/C- AIRCRAFT
 ALT- ALTITUDE What is the difference
 ALTN -ALTERNATE between an Airplane and an
aircraft?
 AVNCS - AVIONICS
 BAT -BATTERY
 BITE -BUILT IN TEST EQUIPMENT An aircraft is any machine that
 BRK -BRAKE can fly examples: airplanes, hot
 C/B- CIRCUIT BREAKER air balloons, helicopters.
 CHK- CHECK
 CKPT- COCKPIT An airplane is a specific type of
aircraft that has fixed wings
 CLSD- CLOSED and Is heavier than air that is
 CMPTR -COMPUTER capable of sustained, powered,
 CONF- CONFIGURATION and controlled flight.
Common abbreviations found on
technical manuals
 CONT- CONTINOUS
 CTR-CENTER
 DISC- DISCONECT
 DISCH- DISCHARGE
 ECAM- ELECTRONIC CENTRALIZED AIRCRAFT MONITORING
 ENG-ENGINE
 F/CTL-FLIGHT CONTROL
 FLT-FLIGHT
 GEN- GENERATOR
 LIM-LIMITATION
 PN-PART NUMBER
 PWR-POWER
 QTY- QUANTITY
 S/N- SERIAL NUMBER
 Documentation Standard ATA
• ATA Spec 100
• Air Transport Association (ATA) standardized the
overall format of the maintenance manuals
• Each system or system type was assigned a
chapter number. For example,

- Hydraulic systems are in ATA Chapter 29

- Radio equipment is ATA Chapter 23.

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 ATA Spec 100
Format

» 52 11 02 401
XX-XX-XX-XXX
Page Block
Subject
Section
Chapter
Example:
• 52 Doors
• 52-11 Passenger Doors
• 52-11-02 Passenger Door Handle
• 52-11-02-401 R/l Procedure for Pax Door Handles

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 ATA Specification 100
•AIRFRAME GENERAL
05 TIME LIMITS MAINTENANCE CHECKS
06 DIMENSIONS and AREAS
07 LIFTING and SHORING
08 LEVELING and WEIGHTING
09 TOWING and TAXIING
10 PARKING and MOORING
11 PLACARDS
12 SERVICING

•AIRFRAME SYSTEMS
20 STANDARD PRACTICES AIRFRAME
21 AIR CONDITIONING
22 AUTOPILOT
23 COMMUNICATIONS
24 ELECTRIC POWER
25 EQUIPMENT and FURNISHINGS
26 FIRE PROTECTION
27 FLIGHT CONTROLS
28 FUEL
29 HYDRAULIC POWER
30 ICE and RAIN PROTECTION
31 INSTRUMENTS
32 LANDING GEAR
33 LIGHTS
34 NAVIGATION
35 OXYGEN
36 PNEUMATIC
37 VACUUM
38 WATER / WASTE
49 AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER
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GROUP STRUCTURE
51 STRUCTURES
52 DOORS
53 FUSELAGE
54 NACELLES / PYLONS
55 STABILIZERS
56 WINDOWS
57 WINGS
GROUP PROPELLER / ROTOR
60 STD.PRACTICES - PROP / ROTOR
61 PROPELLERS
GROUP POWER PLANT
70 STANDARD PRACTICES ENGINE
71 POWER PLANT - GENERAL
72 ENGINE
73 ENGINE FUEL and CONTROL
74 IGNITION
75 AIR
76 ENGINE CONTROLS
77 ENGINE INDICATING
78 EXHAUST
79 OIL
80 STARTING
81 TURBINES
82 WATER INJECTION
83 ACCESSORY GEAR BOXES
91 CHARTS
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ATA Spec 100 PAGE BLOCKS

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Manufacturer’s Documentation:

 AMM : Aircraft Maintenance Manual

 Basic information on the operation and
maintenance of the aircraft and its on-board
equipment.
 Description and operation of each system

 Basic maintenance and servicing actions

 Functional tests and operational tests

 Adjustments

 Replenishing of various fluids

 Other servicing tasks

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Parts of the amm manual
Manual structures
 Preliminary pages at the beginning of the amm
1. List of chapters- list of chapters contained in the
amm
2. Records of revision-record provides the amm
revision numbers and issue dates and updated by
the operator.
3. List of temporary revisions- this is the list of the
temporary revisions which shall be removed or will
still be effective on the manual.
4. Service bulletin list- list of service bulletins for at
least 1 aircraft of the fleet.
5. Deactivation reactivation index- quotes in
numerical sequence all the MMEL and CDL Items
requiring a maintenance operation with the
corresponding task numbs
 Preliminary pages at the start of
each maintenance
 Highlights- provides reason formanual chapter
revision changes and the list
of the incorporated temporary revisions.
 List of effective pages- this list indicates the pages which are
new (N), revised (R), or deleted (D) and their associated date.
 Table of contents- the table contents shows each section
contained in the chapter and the subject material within the
section.
 Record of temporary revisions- available for the AMM in
paper form only and updated by the operator.
Parts of an AMM TASK
 1. REASON FOR THE JOB.
 2.JOB SET UP INFORMATION
 FIXTURES,TOOLS, TEST AND SUPPORT
EQUIPEMENT, AND CONSUMABLE
MATERIALS
 WORK ZONES AND ACCESS PANELS
 REFERENCED INFORMATION
 3. JOB SET UP
 4.PROCEDURE
 5. CLOSE-UP
Manufacturer’s Documentation
Aircraft Maintenance

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Manufacturer’s Documentation
Aircraft Maintenance

AMM : Aircraft Maintenance Manual (Sample)

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ILLUSTRATED PARTS
CATALOGUE
 Purpose-it is intended only for use in identifying,
provisioning, requisitioning, storing and issuing line
replaceable aircraft parts and units.

 Customization- The customized illustrated parts

catalog contains only the detailed parts list and
numerical index information applicable to a particular
customer or group of customers.
 The illustrations are NOT customize and may contain
parts and item numbers not applicable to a particular
customer
2 main parts of the IPC
Detailed parts list Illustrations
PART NUMBERS
 AIRBUS for its proprietary parts, assemblies
establishes part numbers. These part numbers are
based on the engineering drawing that defines that
part and assembly. The first nine digits of the part
number reflect the drawing reference. The next three
digits are the sequential part numbers. An addition
three digits are available to define a delivery
configuration which may be developed for spare parts.
Part numbers
 Note 1
Part numbers
 There may be a numeric prefix preceding the part
number which is sometimes used internal to AIRBUS.
The prefix is not included in the part number,
although it may sometimes be seen on parts or
shipping documents. This is typically done in different
print styles, and is easily distinguished from the part
number when understood. These prefixes are not
reflected in the IPC, and are “NOT TO BE USED FOR
ORDERING PARTS”.
 Note 2
 The initial alpha code indicates which aircraft-model
drawing set the part was developed for, but parts may
be used on different models of aircraft without
Part
 Note 3
numbers
 The suffix is normally two or three digits. The 2-digit
technical specification number is used to describe delivery
configuration for parts, which may be different from the
production drawing to facilitate installation as a
replacement part. These differences are typically things like:
holes left undrilled, consumable hardware included with
component, re-usable panels omitted, etc. Specific
differences from the production drawing are detailed in the
Spares Technical Specification (STS) sheet. See example,
figure 1.
An alpha character may be included, normally in the 13th
or 15th position, to indicate a customized color scheme on
the component. This color indicator may appear with the
12-digit basic part number, or in conjunction with the
Technical Specification Number.
Trouble shooting manual
 What is trouble shooting?

 Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often

applied to repair failed products or processes on a
machine or a system. a logical, systematic search for
the source of a problem in order to solve it, and make
the product or process operational again.
Steps in troubleshooting
The five-step troubleshooting process consists of
the following:
 Verify that a problem actually exists.
 Isolate the cause of the problem.
 Correct the cause of the problem.
 Verify that the problem has been corrected.
 Follow up to prevent future problems.
TSM
 The TSM provides coverage of all
probable aircraft faults. This includes
trouble shooting guides to faults
monitored and displayed by the aircraft
systems. Faults not monitored by the
aircraft systems are also covered.
 How to use the tsm
 (1) Types of faults
 In the TSM, there are two basic types of faults : monitored
faults and non-monitored faults.
 Monitored faults are those which are monitored and
displayed by the aircraft systems (mainly ECAM and CFDS).

 (a) Monitored faults:

 · ECAM
 · EFIS
 · local
 · CFDS
What is ECAM and CFDS???
 An electronic centralized aircraft monitor
(ECAM) is a system that monitors aircraft
functions and relays them to the pilots. It
also produces messages detailing failures
and in certain cases, lists procedures to
undertake to correct the problem.
ECAM
ECAM WARNINGS
 CFDS
 CFDS stands for Centralized Fault Display System

 The objective of the CFDS is to provide an economic, efficient and easy-to-

use means of maintaining the aircraft systems. To do this the CFDS directly
monitors and identifies faulty Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) in the aircraft
systems and displays items identified as faulty to the maintenance crew. This
is essentially achieved by analysis of all cockpit events which are triggered by
the monitoring of the aircraft systems.

 The CFDS also takes into account a major objective of the line maintenance
which is to avoid unjustified removals of equipment. For these reasons the
CFDS makes a detailed analysis to identify the responsible LRUs; this is also
to confirm that the event was actually due to a hardware failure and not an
intermittent fault.
To achieve its purpose, the CFDS has several major functions
which supply:
· A maintenance Post Flight Report (PFR) which is printed at
the end of each flight. The PFR (Ref. Para.8.E.(1) allows
association of ECAM warnings and CFDS maintenance
messages.
· Directly usable maintenance messages which identify faulty
LRUs.
· User-friendly access to tests of the aircraft systems.
Post flight report (PFR)
What is EFIS?

 An Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) is a

flight deck instrument display system in which the
display technology used is electronic rather than
electromechanical.
LOCAL Section
These are sub-divided into the
various panels on which they are
located.
How to use the TSM
 Non-monitored faults are generally not displayed by
the aircraft systems and can be of a general nature,
such as: "Nose landing gear doors slow to move".
Within each of these general divisions faults are divided
according to the type of system and display:
(b) Non-monitored faults
Crew and/or maintenance observations.

 NOTE: All these types of fault are used as entry points

into the TSM under the titles given above.
Trouble Shooting Function
Trouble shooting function is initiated by a flight crew or maintenance crew report of a
fault. The fault can then be used as an entry point into the TSM; Fault Symptoms,
Warnings/Malfunctions, or CFDS Fault Message, depending on the type of fault. The
troubleshooter is directed to the procedure to isolate the fault. Three types of monitored
faults (ECAM, EFIS and local) reported by the flight crew are usually associated
with CFDS fault messages. The association principle of a Warning Malfunction and a
CFDS fault message is described in paragraph 8.E.(1)(b). For these the first two digits of
the ATA reference given on the PFR are used to enter directly into the appropriate fault
symptoms .
CFDS fault messages are not normally reported by the flight crew and are used by
maintenance crews. They can be displayed alone without an associated warning or
malfunction, in which case they may be the entry point for maintenance- related trouble
shooting. TSM entry is via the appropriate TSM fault symptoms using the ATA reference,
or the CFDS Fault Messages using the message text. Crew or maintenance observations
are usually a single fault without an associated CFDS fault message. TSM entry is via the
appropriate TSM chapter fault symptoms if the system (ATA reference) is known, or the
Warnings/Malfunctions using the fault text. Examples of trouble shooting for these
faults are given in the following trouble shooting examples.
Structural repair manual
 Structural Repair Manual (SRM)
 As the name implies, this manual carries detail
information for the technician concerning an aircraft’s
primary and secondary structure, criteria for
evaluating the severity of the detected damage,
determining the feasibility of a repair, and
alignment/inspection information. This manual is
usually a separate manual for large aircraft. On small
aircraft, this information is often included in the AMM.
WDM
 The Wiring Diagram Manual (WDM) is subdivided
into three manuals:
 · AIRCRAFT SCHEMATIC MANUAL (ASM)
 · AIRCRAFT WIRING MANUAL (AWM)
 · AIRCRAFT WIRING LIST (AWL)
 These manuals have been prepared in accordance with
ATA Specification No. 100.

 The purpose of these manuals is to permit a full

understanding of the electrical, electronic and electro-
mechanical system installation and physical
connections.
Customization

 The Wiring Diagram Manual contains only the

diagrams applicable to the particular customer or
group of customers.
 The customer code and the revision date will appear in
the header of each printed page.
ASM-aircraft schematic manual
 Purpose of ASM is to provide a functional view of
systems, sub/systems.
 ASM content reflects systems, sub/systems which are
activated; full provision or inactive systems are not
published.
AWM- aircraft wiring manual
 Purpose of AWM is to provide a physical view of
systems, sub/systems. AWM reflects the definition of
the wiring installation.
Aircraft wiring list
 Purpose of AWL is to provide the list of wires, Airbus
and engine parts.
 The AWL supplies a detailed definition of the physical
wire and a description of the electrical Equipment (EQ)
and Standard Items (S.I.). It shall also assist in
troubleshooting, repair and maintenance operation.
 It can also help with troubleshooting, maintenance
and modifications to the loads connected to the
electrical network.
Airworthiness Directive (AD)
• When an unsafe condition exists with an aircraft,
engine, propeller, or accessory, the FAA issues
an Airworthiness Directive (AD) to notify
concerned parties of the condition and to
describe the appropriate corrective action. No
person may operate an aircraft to which an AD
applies, except in accordance with the
requirements of that AD. AD compliance is
mandatory, and the time in which the
compliance must take place is listed within the
AD. Information provided in an Airworthiness
Directive is considered approved data for the
purpose of the AD. The compliance record for
ADs must be entered into the aircraft's
permanent records.
• Airworthiness Directives are issued
biweekly. The biweekly listings are
published for small general aviation
aircraft and accessories in one volume,
while the larger aircraft and their
accessories are published in a separate
volume. This separation of different aircraft
categories provides operators with a much
simpler means of filing ADs
AD Content
Generally, ADs include:
• A description of the unsafe condition
• The product to which the AD applies
• The required corrective action or operating
limitations, or both
• The AD effective date
• A compliance time
• Where to go for more information
• Information on alternative methods of
compliance with the requirements of the
AD
• ADs are listed by a six digit numerical number.
The first two digits denote the year an AD is
issued. For example, all ADs issued during the
year 1996 begin with the number 96-. The third
and fourth digits of the AD number denote the
biweekly issue in which the AD was first
published. There are twenty six issues of the
biweekly AD listing issued each year, and the
issues are numbered beginning with number
01. The last two digits indicate the number of
the AD in the specified biweekly listing. For
example, the fourth AD issued in the first
biweekly publication in May 1996 would be
issued the number: 96-10-04.
• Do all ADs include a corrective action?

No. Some ADs include limitations. However,

each AD is intended to resolve the unsafe
condition. For interim action ADs, actions
that terminate the interim action are
incorporated into an AD when they are
determined.
SERVICE BULLETINS AND NOTES
One way manufacturers communicate with
aircraft owners and operators is through
service bulletins and service notes. Service
bulletins are issued to inform aircraft owners
and technicians of possible design defects,
modifications, servicing changes, or other
information that may be useful in
maintaining an aircraft or component. On
occasion, service bulletins are made
mandatory and are incorporated into
airworthiness directives to correct an unsafe
condition.
• A Service Bulletin (S.B.) is a notice to an
aircraft operator from a manufacturer
informing him/her of a product
improvement. An alert service bulletin is
issued when an unsafe condition shows
up that the manufacturer believes to be a
safety related as opposed to a mere
improvement of a product.
• Service bulletins often result to issuance of
Airworthiness Directives by FAA. An
airworthiness directive references the alert
service bulletin as a way of complying with
the AD.