Spatial Planning & Development in US

Fulbright Specialist Lectures

Smolensk State University
20-30 November 2018
 Spatial Planning & Development in US

• Role of local governments

• Competition and innovation
• Trends
• Local economic development strategic
framework

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 Modern, Modernization

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 Planning and Design

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 Reality of Spatial Planning in US

Concerns:
• Maintaining strong local economies
• Creating and retaining jobs
• Providing a good standard of living for
individuals

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 Local Government Context

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 Role of Local Government
• 50 states
• 51,000 local governments

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 Role of Local Government
Local government powers

• Provide services
• Regulate activities
• Collect taxes

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 Role of Local Government
Local government powers

• Provide services
• Regulate activities
• Collect taxes

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 Role of Local Government
Local government powers

• Provide services
• Regulate activities
• Collect taxes

Hydrofracking, Pennsylvania

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 Role of Local Government
Local government powers

• Provide services
• Regulate activities
• Collect taxes

Houston, 2017

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 Role of Local Government
Local government powers

• Provide services Other

12% Local
• Regulate activities Property
Taxes
• Collect taxes 76%

Source: US Census Bureau Annual Survey of

State and Local Government Finance, 2016

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 Business Climate / Competition

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 Local
government
cost:
$1.4 billion

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 Drinking water contaminated by
hydrofracking, Pennsylvania

↑ Closed gambling casinos, Atlantic City

Competition for Amazon headquarters,

71 Republic, 16 September 2018 →

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Alternatives

● Stimulate small business

growth

● More central government

control

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Davie Shipyard, Quebec Canada
Uneven Development

Cairo, Illinois, population 2,800 Detroit, Michigan, population 711,000

← Rural New York State

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 UK Enterprise Zones

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 Rising
property
values

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Sprawl

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 Private-Sector Innovation

Coworking space
Shared housing
Green building
Smart house
Maker space
Transit oriented development
Tiny house
Flexible space
Affordable housing
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 Public-Sector Innovation

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 Balance

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 Role of Planners

Valuable skills to address change

• Real estate development fundamentals
o Market analysis
o Feasibility analysis
o Value capture
o Reading plans
• Project management
• Public communications
• Research design Favro & Associates LLC

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 International Spatial Development Trends

• Population size
• Uneven development
• Population distribution
• Neighborhoods
• Value capture
• Citizen involvement
• Role of planners
• Global finance Favro & Associates LLC

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

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 Planning for Economic Opportunity in US
Components of local economic development strategy
1. Organizational development
2. Infrastructure development
3. Business development
4. Workforce development
5. Municipal cash flow development

Source: Wisconsin Economic Development Institute, Inc. “A Guide to Preparing the

Economic Development Element of a Comprehensive Plan,” 2003
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 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US
Organizational
Development
 Develop a common vision
among local stakeholders.
 Create a strategic plan with
measurable objectives.
Data Gathering  Perform local economic
analysis to identify market
& Analysis forces.
Activities
 Develop a checklist of things
to do.
 Decide on sequence of
strategies to implement.
 Define and agree on roles
Planning & and responsibilities (who will do
Implementation what, and when).
 Study and weigh different
Activities organizational models.
 Explore opportunities for
regional collaboration.
 Explore stakeholder interest
and potential for investment:
municipal, state, federal, private.
Resource  Determine human resources
Identification necessary and available to
Activities implement activities: paid and
volunteer.
Infrastructure
Development
 Collect data on
infrastructure capacity:
water, sewer, flood, storm,
utilities, solid waste, transport,
etc.
 Inventory business sites &
buildings, brownfields.
 Identify gaps in facilities or
capacity, areas of potential
growth; areas needing
improvement.
 Create plan for creating or
improving infrastructure
elements.
 Create development plan
for improving or creating
buildings and sites suitable
for development.
 Map land use
development for compatible
and suitable uses.
 Identify capital resources
such as loans, grants, venture
capital.
 Identify resources and
capacities for residual
development such as housing,
education systems, health care
systems, etc.
Business
Development
 Identify current efforts at
retention & expansion.
 Identify current support for
entrepreneurial development.
 Identify current efforts for
new business attraction
 Identify gaps in any or all of
the above.
 Perform industry analysis to
identify types of business
suitable for clusters.
 Create plan for improving
retention and expansion of
existing businesses.
 Create plan for developing or
improving support system for
entrepreneurial development.
 Create plan for targeting and
attracting new businesses.
 Plot land use development
for desired and compatible
uses.
 Search local, regional, state,
and federal agencies for
financial resources to meet
implementation plan.
 Assign tasks and deadlines
to certain entities or individuals.
Workforce
Development
 Conduct labor market
analysis.
 Study municipal
demographics and trends.
 Analyze ability of education
system to meet needs of current
and future workforce.
 Form partnerships with
local, regional, and state
organizations to assist in
matching trained workforce
needed with jobs available
and envisioned.
 Create continuum of
opportunities that promote
lifelong learning.
 Investigate financial and
technical assistance
programs to assist in
implementation of
workforce development plan.
Municipal Cash Flow
Development
 Inventory sites and
attractions for tourism.
 Inventory services and
facilities attractive to seniors.
 Study economic data to
identify primary sources of
income and wealth in city.
 Inventory and classify
existing industries by type.
 Interview local industries to
identify support/supplier
systems used and needed
 Create a marketing and
development plan for
attracting individuals identified
– both temporary (tourists)
and permanent (residents)
 Target business attraction
to support/supplier industries to
current economic base.
 Create plan for pursuing
outside investments in current
economic activity.
 Create plan to meet needs
for new products and services.
 Investigate financial and
technical assistance programs
to assist implementation of
municipal cash flow
development plan.
 Pursue government grants
and contracts to support basic
industries.
 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US
Organizational
Development
 Develop a common vision
among local stakeholders.
 Create a strategic plan with
measurable objectives.
Data Gathering  Perform local economic
analysis to identify market
& Analysis forces.
Activities
 Develop a checklist of things
to do.
 Decide on sequence of
strategies to implement.
 Define and agree on roles
Planning & and responsibilities (who will do
Implementation what, in what time frame).
 Study and weigh different
Activities organizational models.
 Explore opportunities for
regional collaboration.
 Explore stakeholder interest
and potential for investment:
municipal, state, federal, private.
Resource  Determine human resources
Identification necessary and available to
Activities implement activities: paid and
volunteer.
Infrastructure
Development
 Collect data on
infrastructure capacity:
water, sewer, flood, storm,
utilities, solid waste, transport,
etc.
 Inventory business sites &
buildings, brownfields.
 Identify gaps in facilities or
capacity, areas of potential
growth; areas needing
improvement.
 Create plan for creating or
improving infrastructure
elements.
 Create development plan
for improving or creating
buildings and sites suitable
for development.
 Map land use
development for compatible
and suitable uses.
 Identify capital resources
such as loans, grants, venture
capital.
 Identify resources and
capacities for residual
development such as housing,
education systems, health care
systems, etc.
Business
Development
 Identify current efforts at
retention & expansion.
 Identify current support for
entrepreneurial development.
 Identify current efforts for
new business attraction
 Identify gaps in any or all of
the above.
 Perform industry analysis to
identify types of business
suitable for clusters.
 Create plan for improving
retention and expansion of
existing businesses.
 Create plan for developing or
improving support system for
entrepreneurial development.
 Create plan for targeting and
attracting new businesses.
 Plot land use development
for desired and compatible
uses.
 Search local, regional, state,
and federal agencies for
financial resources to meet
implementation plan.
 Assign tasks and deadlines
to certain entities or individuals.
Workforce
Development
 Conduct labor market
analysis.
 Study municipal
demographics and trends.
 Analyze ability of education
system to meet needs of current
and future workforce.
 Form partnerships with
local, regional, and state
organizations to assist in
matching trained workforce
needed with jobs available
and envisioned.
 Create continuum of
opportunities that promote
lifelong learning.
 Investigate financial and
technical assistance
programs to assist in
implementation of
workforce development plan.
Municipal Cash Flow
Development
 Inventory sites and
attractions for tourism.
 Inventory services and
facilities attractive to seniors.
 Study economic data to
identify primary sources of
income and wealth in city.
 Inventory and classify
existing industries by type.
 Interview local industries to
identify support/supplier
systems used and needed
 Create a marketing and
development plan for
attracting individuals identified
– both temporary (tourists)
and permanent (residents)
 Target business attraction
to support/supplier industries to
current economic base.
 Create plan for pursuing
outside investments in current
economic activity.
 Create plan to meet needs
for new products and services.
 Investigate financial and
technical assistance programs
to assist implementation of
municipal cash flow
development plan.
 Pursue government grants
and contracts to support basic
industries.
 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US

Organizational Development
Data Gathering  Develop a common vision among local stakeholders.
& Analysis  Create a strategic plan with measurable objectives.
Activities  Perform local economic analysis to identify market forces.

 Develop a checklist of things to do.

 Decide on sequence of strategies to implement.
Planning &
 Define and agree on roles and responsibilities (who will do
Implementation
what, and when).
Activities
 Study and weigh different organizational models.
 Explore opportunities for regional collaboration.
 Explore stakeholder interest and potential for investment:
Resource
municipal, state, federal, private.
Identification
 Determine human resources necessary and available to
Activities
implement activities: paid and volunteer.
 Economic Development Advisory Councils
(Albania)

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 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US

Infrastructure Development
 Collect data on infrastructure capacity: water, sewer, flood,
Data Gathering storm, utilities, solid waste, transport, etc.
& Analysis  Inventory business sites & buildings, brownfields.
Activities  Identify gaps in facilities or capacity, areas of potential growth;
areas needing improvement.
 Create plan for creating or improving infrastructure elements.
Planning &  Create development plan for improving or creating buildings
Implementation and sites suitable for development.
Activities  Map land use development for compatible and suitable uses
 Identify capital resources such as loans, grants, venture
Resource
capital.
Identification
 Identify resources and capacities for residual development
Activities Favro & Associates LLC
such as housing, education systems, health care systems, etc.
 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US
Business Development
Identify current efforts at retention & expansion.

Data Gathering Identify current support for entrepreneurial development.

& Analysis Identify current efforts for new business attraction

Activities Identify gaps in any or all of the above.

Identify types of business suitable for clusters.

Create plan for improving retention and expansion of existing

businesses.
Planning &
 Create plan for developing or improving support system for
Implementation
entrepreneurial development.
Activities
 Create plan for targeting and attracting new businesses.
 Plot land use development for desired and compatible uses.
Resource  Search public financial resources to meet implementation plan.
Identification  Assign tasks and deadlines to certain entities or individuals
Favro & Associates LLC
Activities
 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US

Workforce Development
 Conduct labor market analysis.
Data Gathering
 Study municipal demographics and trends.
& Analysis
 Analyze ability of education system to meet needs of current
Activities
and future workforce.
 Form partnerships with local, regional, and state organizations
Planning & to assist in matching trained workforce needed with jobs
Implementation available and envisioned.
Activities  Create continuum of opportunities that promote lifelong
learning.
Resource  Investigate financial and technical assistance programs to
Identification assist in implementation of workforce development plan.
Favro & Associates LLC
Activities
 Typical Approach to Local Economic Development in US

Municipal Cash Flow Development

 Inventory sites and attractions for tourism.
Data Gathering  Inventory services and facilities attractive to seniors.
 Study economic data to identify primary sources of income and wealth in city.
& Analysis  Inventory and classify existing industries by type.
Activities  Interview local industries to identify support/supplier systems used and
needed
 Create a marketing and development plan for attracting individuals identified
– both temporary (tourists) and permanent (residents)
Planning &  Target business attraction to support/supplier industries to current economic
Implementation base.
Activities  Create plan for pursuing outside investments in current
economic activity.
 Create plan to meet needs for new products and services.
Resource  Investigate financial and technical assistance programs to assist
Identification implementation of municipal cash flow development plan.
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 Pursue government grants and contracts to support basic industries.
Activities
 Thank you!

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