FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NDUFU-ALIKE IKWO

P.M.B 1010, ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE.

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
A PRESENTATION OF
SIX MONTHS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE
AT
CHUKWUEMEKA ODUMEGWU OJUKWU UNIVERSITY TEACHING
HOSPITAL, AMAKU AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE.
[COOUTH]
BY
OKAFOR AMARACHI CYNTHIA
FUNAI/B.SC/16/2310
ON
MICROTOMY AND STAINING
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ANATOMY

12th NOVEMBER, 2019.

 INTRODUCTION
The SIWES (Students’ Industrial Work Experience
Scheme) program was established in 1973 by Industrial
Training Fund(ITF) on realizing the need to fill the
foramen of undergraduate not having industrial skills to
enhance their performance upon graduation.

The Scheme gives students the opportunity to correlate

theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge and the
methods in handling machines and equipments.
 The six(6) months Students Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES), was undertaken at
the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
University Teaching Hospital,Amaku Awka
Anambra State.

 The Agency’s function is to provide quality,

accessible and affordable healthcare services;
and effective training and research.
 COOUTH ORGANOGRAM
Commissioner for
Health

Management Board

Chief Medical Director Internal Audit

Director Of
Administration & Chairman Medical
Secretary to the Advisory
Board of Committee/Head,Clinical
Administration Services
 Institute of Child Health
Medicine Dept
Dentistry{various Dept}
Board Secretariate
Pediatrics Dept
Domestic Services Unit
Accident/Emergency Dept
Medical Records Dept
GOPD/Staff Clinic Dept
Staff Schools
Surgery Dept
Laundry Dept
Com.Med./Env.Med.Dept
Catering Dept
Hematology Dept
Stores & supplies Dept
Microbiology Dept
Security
Chemical pathology dept
Tenders/Procurement Unit
Morbid Anatomy Dept
Planning,Research &
ENT Dept
Statistics Unit
Med .Library Dept
Works/maintenance Dept
Physiotherapy Dept
Estate Unit
Anesthesiology Dept
Public Relations
Radiology Dept
Personnel unit
Nursing Service Dept
Health Insurance
Pharmacy Dept
/Retainship Dept
Obst & Gynae Dept
Psychological Med Dept
Ophthalmology Dept
Dermatology Dept
Training schools
 OUTLINES

During our training at the hospital, we were posted

to different sections under the departments of
Radiology and Morbid Anatomy/ histopathology.

.Below are the breakdown:

 Radiology section
 Histopathology section
 Mortuary section
 MICROTOMY OR SECTIONING

• The rotatory
microtome is the most
common instrument
found in a histology
laboratory.
• It is a specialized
precision cutting
instrument which
accurately slices
sections from a block
of embedded tissue.
PICTURE OF A ROTATORY
MICROTOME 7
 SECTION CUTTING
• Aftertissue fixation, processing and embedding has
been completed, the next step is to cut tissue sections
from the tissue block using a microtome machine
•.
Tissue block
Microtome during tissue sectioning
Tissue ribbons
 FLOATING OUT TECHNIQUE
Floating of tissue sections involves the following
techniques:
Water bath must be set at temperature of 45 to
50 degrees centigrade.
Small amount of alcohol (20% alcohol) should
be added into water bath to reduce surface
tension and allow the section to flatten out
easily.
 Floating of tissue sections should be done
more carefully to prevent water bubbles from
being trapped under section.
 Fold in section can be removed by simply
teasing with forceps.
 Section should be allowed to float for about
30s as prolonged floating will cause
excessive expansion and distorting of tissue.
 With a labeled coated slide, the section is
picked up from the bath.
 The slide is placed on hot plate (45 degrees
Celsius) to get it dried.
A water bath for Smearing with 75% alcohol
floating out
tissue sections.
Picking of tissue section Tissues during hot
in a water bath. plating
 STAINING
 Tissues and their constituent cells are usually transparent
and colourless when examined under the light microscope,
with little or no differentiation of the various structures.
 Colouring, in other words dyeing or staining of the
sections of tissues makes it possible to see and study the
physical features and the relationships of the tissues and
their constituent cells.
 It so happens that different tissues and indeed, different
components of the cell, show different affinities for most
dyes or stains.
 It follows therefore, that no single staining method will
demonstrate all the tissue structures present.
 STAINING TECHNIQUES
 Before staining, certain preparatory treatment of
the sections is necessary and involves the
following steps:
 Removal of paraffin wax (Dewaxing): because
paraffin wax is not permeable to stains, it is
removed with xylene.
 Removal of xylene: xylene is not miscible with
water and low grade alcohols. It is therefore
necessary to remove it with absolute alcohol.
 Gradual hydration with lower grades of alcohol
(90% then 70% alcohol) and then rinse
thoroughly in distilled water.
 H&E STAINING PROCEDURE
•There are several staining methods but the most commonly
used stains is Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).
The staining procedure for H&E includes the following;
Arrangement of the slides with tissues in a staining rack.
 Dewax by taking sections into xylene for 10minutes
 Hydrate in decreasing changes of alcohol and then
rinse in water for 1min.
 Stain in Haematoxylin solution for 5-10 minutes.
Rinse in water for few seconds.
Differentiate in 1% acid alcohol with continuous agitation for
10-15 minutes.
•Wash in water for 5 minutes
•Wash in scott water for 1minute
•Counter stain in 1% aqueous eosin solution for 5
minutes.
 Rinse in water for 30 minutes.
 Dehydrate by passing it through increasing
changes of alcohol.
 Clear in xylene for 5 minutes
•Spread tissue slides in air for drying and mount
using a DPX mountant.
 CONCLUSION
•This industrial training has really provided
me with the practical knowledge of all the
things I have been taught in the classroom.
•It has made me to feel the reality of my
course of study.
•It also provided me with the basic practical
and theoretical knowledge that I may not have
gotten from the lecture room.
THANKS FOR

THE

PRIVILEDGE