DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BMT)

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON A SIX MONTHS STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

WORK
EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN
AT
MEREJE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL MARKET ROAD MEREJE, DELTA STATE,
NIGERIA.
PRESENTED BY:
OJIGHORO JOAN IFODE
U2018/5730015
COURSE CODE: SLT 402.2
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING EXPERIENCE
COURSE COORDINATOR: Dr. H. O Asuzu-Samuel
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction
1.1SIWES and its objectives
1.2History and Background of Mereje Government hospital, Delta state
1.3Organograms of Mereje Government Hospital / Organizational Chart
1.4Various departments and functions of Mereje Government Hospital
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Activities Carried Out During the SIWESPeriod.
2.1Orientation
2.2The Medical Laboratory
2.2.1Description of a Laboratory
2.2.2Laboratory Safety Precautions
2.2.3Hazards in the Laboratory
2.2.4Emergency Response
2.3Laboratory Apparatus Used in the Medical Laboratory
2.4Biological samples and collection
2.5The Laboratory Sections and various tests performed
2.5.1Reception/Collection Section
2.5.2Serology Section (Hepatitis and VDRL, Pregnancy test, Widal test, Retroviral
test)
2.5.3Parasitology Section (Malaria Parasite.
Hematology Section (Blood group test, PCV)
2.5.5Chemistry Section (Urinalysis.)
2.5.6 RBS/FBS) and WBC count.
2.6Helicobacter Pylori test
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Relevance of SIWES and challenges encountered
3.1Rele
DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to God Almighty, , for his unconditional love , protection
and mercy granted to me throughout the period of my Industrial training.And also
dedicated to my ever supporting mother, Mrs. Ojighoro Vivian yellow for
consistent moral and financial support to see to the success of my activities
during my Industrial training period.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This acknowledgement would be incomplete if I fail to gratitude to my lovely

family especially my mum Mrs. Ojighoro Vivian yellow for her tireless effort and
financial support to see to my success in every step of my academic journey.
My appreciation also goes to Mr.Moses Otiti Aggreh C.E .O Mereje Government,
hospital, Miss. Ese Ruth the Head of Department of the Laboratory, Dr.
Institutional supervisor and Dr.F.S Eguakun, SIWES coordinator to the
department of Biomedical Technology. And other staffs for their relentless efforts
to see to a successful training period. Also, special thanks to the Management of
the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and Director of the SIWES unit, University of Port
Harcourt, Prof. Adedapo A. Aiyeloja for seeing to the continuity of this exercise in
this unique school. It opened our eyes to understand all that has been taught in
lectures better.And to my course representatives and fellow Industrial training
students, thank you for your contributions. God bless you all.
ABSTRACT
The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme established by the Federal
Government of Nigeria was aimed at exposing students of higher institution to
acquire industrial skill and practical experience in their approved course of study
and also to prepare students for their industrial work situation in which they are
to meet after graduation. This technical report is based on the experiences gained
during my period of attachment at Mereje Government hospital, Okpe local
government area, Delta state,The highlights of this report cover how patients are
being managed and several tests carried out for patients such as: Packed Cell
Volume, Widal (Typhoid test), H. pylori, Urine analysis, etc. I was opportuned to
work in the laboratory unit which covers the Hematology section, Serology
section,Microbiology section and Parasitology section. These sections exposed me
to the precautions, rules and regulations of the laboratory, how to diagnose a
patient and how tests are being analyzed. The relevance of SIWES, challenges
encountered and appraisal are also covered in this report as they describe the
activities of and my experience gained during my period of attachment.
 OBJECTIVE OF SIWES
1. Prepare an avenue for students in Nigerian Universities to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their course of study.
2. Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.
3. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in the universities and other institutions of
higher learning.
4. Provide students with an opportunity to apply theirtheoretical knowledge in
real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between university work and actual
practice.
5. Make the transition from the university to the place of work easier and thus,
enhance students’ contact for later job placement.
6. Enlist and strengthen employer’s involvement in the entire education process
of preparing university and other tertiary graduates for employment in industry.

1.2 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF MEREJE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL.

Mereje Hospital is a health center with capacity for high volume services such as;
Medical consultation and laboratory investigation. It was established in March
15th 1999 The hospital seeks to provide comprehensive, quantitative and
compassionate health care services to all categories of clients with health
problems, irrespective of their race, religion and a friendly and comfortable
environment using more of manual and few World class Technology. It is located
at No. Mereje market road Mereje , Okpe local government area, Delta State.
Mereje Government Hospital renders 24hours health services and emergency
cases at any time of the day. The hospital consist of several staffs amongst which
are a resident nurses, laboratory technician, administration staff, and assistant
and security staff.
1.3 ORGANOGRAM OF MEREJE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL\ORGANIZATION CHART

1.4 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN HEALTH FOUNTAINS

HOSPITAL
The various departments and their functions in Mereje Government hospital
hospital are as follows:
*Reception unit: This is the unit where patients are received and attended to.
Here, the patients are given the laboratory request form and registered in the
laboratory register, which is then forwarded to the collection unit for sample
collection. Patient’s name, age, sex, amount and receipt number must be
recorded to avoid misplacement of result.
*Administration department: this department is where enquiries are made
concerning the hospital. Job applications are submitted and screened in this
department.
Pharmacy: This department is responsible for the quality of medicines supplied to
patients. Also ensuring that the medicines prescribed to patients are suitable.
Advising patients about medicines, including how to take them, what reactions
may occur and answering patients’ questions.
Nursing department: is part of the health organization which aims at satisfying
the nursing needs of patients/community. In nursing services, the nurse works
with the member of allied disciples such as dietetics, medical social service,
pharmacy etc.

*General out-patients department: this is where unadmitted patients go for

medical attention. They are usually attended to whether being registered or not.
*Accidents and emergency department: this department attends to patients in
need of immediate medical attention.
*Labor ward: this department is specifically made for expectant mothers.
*Clinical laboratory services: this is where clinical test and diagnosis are carried
out.
*Sample collection unit: this is the unit where samples and specimen are
collected from patients for clinical diagnosis according to the examination
required.
CHAPTER TWO
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE SIWES PERIOD
2.1 ORIENTATION
The first phase of my training commenced with an orientation in which an
intensive lecture was given on the activities, rules and regulation, functions of the
different departments. Emphasis was made on the rules and regulations guiding
the medical laboratory. The penalties for breaking any of these rules were clearly
spelt out in order to
3.2.1DESCRIPTION OF A MEDICAL LABORATORY
A laboratory is a scientific facility that provides controlled conditions in which
scientific researches, experiments and measurements may be performed. Hence,
the medical laboratory is a laboratory where test are carried out on clinical
specimens in other to get information about a patient’s health.
There are three sections in the laboratory. They are: Clinical Microbiology section,
Hematology/Serology section and Clinical Biochemistry section. There are also
safety precautions and ethics used in the laboratory for efficiency and accuracy.

2.2. LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

In the Laboratory, rules and regulations must be strictly adhered to for efficiency
and thus to avoid certain hazards in the laboratory and hospital at large.

These safety precautions include:

1. Wearing of protective gloves inside the laboratory while collecting blood
samples for hepatitis, HIV/AIDS or viral.

2. The use of protective clothing like laboratory coats or gowns must be worn
over normal clothing.
3. Cover shoes should be worn while in the laboratory and walking
4. No eating, drinking or chew gums in the laboratory.
5. Smoking is prohibited in the working zone.
6. Dispose used needles and syringes immediately after use.
7. Disinfect all infected/contaminated materials before disposal.
8. Store processed specimen containing highly infectious pathogens in the safety
cabinet.
9. Pour disinfectant solutions over any spilled material in any case of spillage, and
leaving it for fifteen (15) minutes before cleaning.
10. Avoid the use of any equipment in the laboratory unless you are trained and
approved as a user by your supervisor.
11. Wear safety glasses (face shades) when working with hazardous materials
12. Turn off all ignition sources/power when leaving the laboratory.
13. Keeping the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your
work.
14. Clean all work benches at the end of the day with disinfectant.
15 Carefully reading labels.

2.2.3 HAZARDS IN THE LABORATORY

Laboratory hazards are possible accidents that can occur in the laboratory due to
some mishandlings of laboratory equipment and carelessness.

These hazards can be in form of

*Burns
*Cuts
*Electric shock.
*Hazard to toxic chemicals

 Burns: This kind of hazards can be caused by:

 Flammable substances when exposed to fire
 Fire from Bunsen burners, lamps from faulty or overloaded circuits.

Cuts and Pricks: Cuts and pricks may result from the following:
 Accidental pricking with needle or any other sharp objects.
 Hazards of Toxic Chemicals: Hazards due to toxic chemicals are caused by:
 Inhaling fumes of toxic chemicals
 Ingesting toxic chemicals
 Skin contacts with toxic chemicals

Electric shock: Causes of electric shock include the following:

Incorrect installation of electrical equipment/appliances used in the laboratory.
Faulty electrical circuit.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE
It is importance that laboratories have appropriate code of safety laboratory
practices. These responses include the following:

2. The responsibility to read safety and fire alarm posters.

3. Avoid working alone and unsupervised while handling hazardoussubstances
in the laboratory.
4. Always know the location of fire extinguisher, eye wash and safety shower
in the laboratory and know how to use them.

LABORATORY APPARATUS USED IN THE MEDICAL LABORATORY

Laboratory apparatus are tools used in the laboratory specifically for carrying out
critical measurements, analyses and testing of several parameters involved with
human biological conditions and health factors. Their procedures they are
manufactured through strict supervision in other to maintain highest level of
safety standards.

These apparatuses include:

1. Compound Microscope: This is one sophisticated device every laboratory

must have. Its function is to magnify the microscopic constituents of a
human bod specimen like blood, tissue and serum which enables exact
verification of its biological conditions under x4, x10, x40 and x100
objectives.

2. The Centrifuge: This powerful device used is used to swiftly separate and
sediment the molecular elements like cells that may be dispersed inside a
fluid through a fast rotational movement through a process called
“centrifugation”. Blood Specimen which is centrifuged into serum and
plasma. To be more specific a centrifuge is used for determining the volume
of the packed cells of RBCs. capillaries tube is filled with blood samples are
rotated at high speeds and finally the percentage of RBC is calculated.

3. Refrigerator: This provides suitable temperature for storage and

preservation of reagents, unused media, blood samples, etc.
4. Autoclave: This is used for sterilization of equipment.
5. Hot Air Oven: This is used in air drying slides (either containing samples such as
blood film or wet slide.
6. Auto-Hematology Analyzer: This machine is used for Full blood count.
8. Wire loop: Used for streaking samples on culture plates and making smear of
samples on slides.
9. Capillary tube: Used for collection of blood samples to determine the packed
cell volume.
10. Universal bottle: Used for sample collection like semen urine
11. Glass slide: Used for preparation of sample to be viewed directly under
microscope.
12. Pasteur Pipette: Used for collecting little amounts of liquid samples like blood
and urine for analysis.
13. Sterile swab stick: Used for collection of samples directly from site of
infection.
14. Sampling bottles: these are bottles used for collection of blood samples.
Examples are the universal bottle, Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid bottle
(EDTA), and plain bottle.
15. Incubator: for culturing or drying microorganisms.
16. Water bath: this is used as heating apparatus.
17. Hematocrit reader: this is used to read packed cell volume in percentage.
18. Tourniquet: this is a laboratory equipment that is rope like. It is tightened
around a patient’s hand in the collection of blood sample in other to get a
prominent vein before insertion.
19. Needle and syringe: used for collection of blood samples.
20. Glucometer: used to check for the sugar level in the body with the aid of its
strip.

Below is a table showing diagram

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AND COLLECTION
A sample is a specific representative quantity of matter produced by a patient for
laboratory analysis in other to detect the staging of a disease process for
diagnosis or research. While diagnosing a patient, several samples are critically
worked on.
These samples are inter related to the particular test for which they are used.
The disease or health condition of a patient can be traced by the activities of
several quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Table showing sample collections and methods

In collecting blood sample, there are basically three (3) methods:
Venipuncture:

I. Tourniquet is tied tightly around the upper arm and the patient is asked to
tighten his or her fist (for the veins to be more visible).
ii.70% alcohol is used to sterilize the area to be punctured with the aid of a piece
of cotton wool.
iii. The syringe is gently inserted into the superficial vein (median cubital vein) and
blood is withdrawn and inserted into a sampling bottle for testing.
iv. After the blood is withdrawn into the syringe, the syringe remains in the vein
while the tourniquet is loosed.
The syringe is removed gently and a piece of cotton wool is used to apply pressure
on the punctured spot.
v. Blood is inserted to a collection bottle for testing.

Arterial Sampling:
Note: There are brachial, femoral and radial arteries. The easiest and safest to
access for blood collection is the radial artery.

Locate radial artery at the wrist region close to the thumb and disinfect the area
with 70% alcohol and allow to dry for some seconds.
Holding the syringe and needle like a dart, the index finger is used to locate pulse.
The needle is inserted at 45º away from the index finger after which it is advanced
into the radial artery until a blood flashback appears.
The blood is allowed to fill the syringe till appropriate level.
Note: the syringe plunger is not to be pulled back at this point.
2.5 VARIOUS SECTIONS OF MEREJE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL LABORATORY
2.5.1 RECEPTIONIST/COLLECTION SECTION:
This is the unit where patients are received, registered and attended to regarding
the investigation written on their laboratory request forms by the doctor. The
activities which go on in this section are collection of clinical specimens and
issuing of laboratory results.

EROLOGY SECTION:
The serology section analyzes blood specimens for diseases. It is where serology
blood tests are performed to detect and measure the levels of antibodies.
Clinical tests done in this section are blood borne pathogens including HIV,
Hepatitis Bsurface Antigen (HBsAq), Widal tests and analysis of blood specimens
for diseases of public and diseases transmitted from animals to humans Like
mosquito-borne diseases. Blood, especially serum is used.

A) TESTS FOR HEPATITIS, VDRL (VENERAL DISEASES RESEARCH LABORATORY)

TEST FOR SYPHILIS USING STRIPS
Introduction: HBsAG is a rapid immunochromatographic test for qualitative
direction of Hepatitis B surface
Antigen in human serum/plasma. It can be used for prenatal or transfusion
screening, and during acute infection or chronic carriage of the hepatitis B virus.

VDRL TEST
VDRL is a screening test for syphilis. It measures antibodies that are produced
from the body making contact with the causative agent of syphilis called
treponema pallidium.
Aim: To determine the presence or absence of hepatitis and syphilis in the body
system.
Materials: HBsAG Test strips, VDRL test strip EDTA bottle, centrifuge, clean test
tube.
Specimen: Serum
Procedure: The patient’s blood sample was collected into a plain bottle through
venipuncture. The blood sample was spun n a centrifuge for five minutes. After
spinning, the serum was separated carefully into a clean test tube by use of
Pasteur pipette and then test strip was immersed vertically into the serum for 10
minutes. The observation was taken after 10 minutes.

Result:
Positive: Two distinct red lines, one line should be in control region (C) and
another line should be in the test region.
Negative: One red line appears in the control region (C)no apparent red line
appears in the test region (C).
Invalid: This occurs when the control line fails to appear due to insufficient
specimen volume or incorrect

Fig 2: showing hepatitis result strip after insertion.

B) BLOOD PREGNANCY AND URINE PREGNANCY TEST, USING TEST STRIP

Aim: to determine the presence of pregnancy hormone (HCG) in the blood and
urine.
Materials: Pregnancy test strips, plain bottle, needle, syringe, wet slab, cotton
wool, centrifuge, clean test tube.
Specimen: Blood (serum) and urine.
Procedure for Pregnancy Test using Blood: Patient’s blood was collected through
venipuncture into a plain bottle, blood sample was spun using the centrifuge for
five minutes and the serum was separated carefully into a test tube by the use of
Pasteur pipette. The pregnancy test strip was immersed vertically into the serum
for five minutes. The strip was removed and the reaction was observed.
Procedure for Pregnancy Test using

Urine: the patient’s urine sample was collected into the universal bottle and the
pregnancy test strip was immersed into the urine for three seconds, then
removed and left for five minutes before observation.
Result: An appearance of a line at the control region and another at the test
indicates positive result while an appearance at the control region only indicates a
negative result. In a case where there is no appearance of any line, the result is
said to be invalid and thus has to be redone using another test kit procedural
techniques. showing pregnancy test results on strip
RETROVIRAL TEST
Introduction: This is the diagnosis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, an
infectious agent that causes Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a disease that leaves a person vulnerable to
life threatening infection. HIV transmission occurs when a person is exposed to
body fluids infected with virus such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions and
breast milk.
Aim: To investigate the presence of HIV 1 and HIV 2 in a patient’s blood.
Materials: Determine kits, Unigold kit, Stat pack buffer, plain bottle, and pipette.
Specimen used: Blood (serum)
Procedures: The blood sample collected in a plain bottle was centrifuged at
3000rev/min to allow separation.
The serum was picked with a pipette and two drops were placed on the sample
pad of the determine

WIDAL TEST
Introduction: Widal test is a test used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, based on
agglutination of salmonellatyphiby dilution of the patient’s serum.
Aim: To detect the presence of salmonellatyphiand Para typhiin the serum of a
patient.
Materials: White rocking tiles, Pasteur pipette, centrifuge, Salmonella antigen
suspension kit and stop watch.
Procedure: 3-5mlof blood was collected from the patient through venipuncture
into a plain bottle and the blood was spun at 3000rev per min for five minutes as
to separate the plasma from blood. A dropper was used to carefully draw out the
antigen kits (Salmonella ‘0’and ‘H’) and a drop was placed on each of the test
cards in the rocking tile. A drop of serum was also made on each of the drops of
the antigens. The serum and antigens were homogeneously mixed after which the
white rocking tile was rocked continuously for about 2 minutes. Mixture was
observed for agglutination at intervals of 30seconds, 1 minute, 2minutes and
5minutes.

Result:
Reactive: visible agglutination on spot H and others indicate the presence of
salmonellaantibodies.
Non-reactive: no visible agglutination indicates absence of Salmonella
antibodies.
The result is graded according to the degree of agglutination ranging from
1:20<1:80<1:160<1:320. Hence, any diagnostic titre value equal to or greater 1:80
is diagnosed of enteric fever
Table

Widal test result

URINE MACROSCOPY:
Aim: To observe the physical characteristics of a urine sample.
Procedure: After urine was collected using a universal bottle, the urine was
carefully observed for physical characteristics which include color and
transparency.
Result: The physical characteristics of urine sample were noted as:
•Pale amber and clear
•Yellow and turbid
•Pale amber and clouding
•Yellow and clear
•Bloody

MALARIA PARASITE TEST (MP)

Introduction: Malaria is a devastating infectious disease of humans caused by the
plasmodium parasite. The parasite can be spread to humans through the bites of
infected mosquitoes on the skin. It seems to be more prevalent in poorer
countries and regions. The causative agents of malaria are unicellular protozoan
parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. These parasites do not only infect
humans but other vertebrates like reptiles, mammals and birds. There are over
200 species of plasmodium and each of them infect a certain range of host.
Plasmodium species that naturally infect human are limited to five: Plasmodium
falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium Malariae, Plasmodium Ovaleand
Plasmodium Knowlesi.The first four (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. Malariae, P. Ovale)
are usually specific for human while P. Knowlesi are naturally maintained in
macaque monkeys which causes zoonotic malaria widely in South East Asia.
Aim: To investigate the presence of malaria parasite (plasmodium) in the blood
sample of a patient.
Principle: The thick blood film dictates the parasite present as Giemsa stain is
used to stain the film which helps for easy identificationwith the addition of oil
immersion.
Materials: Blood sample, clean glass slide, cotton wool, spreader, Field stain A
and B, water, laboratory oven, oil immersion and microscope.
Procedure: After the blood was collected from the patient and put into the blood
container, the blood container was inverted up and down for blood to mix
properly. A drop of the blood was placed ona clean dry grease-freeslide e and a
thick smear was made. The slide was allowed to air-dry and was flooded with
Field stain A and B at an interval of 30 seconds before dipped into water for
rinsing. The slide was allowed to dry in the laboratory oven.
A drop of oil immersion was placed on the dried slide and placed under the
microscope forparasiteexamination.
Result: Trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum and monocytes containing black
pigment was seen with x100 oil immersion. A thick red dot is found on these black
pigments. If one red dot is seen, it is record as +, if two are seen, it is recorded as
++.

diagram
Microscopic view of malaria parasite (plasmodium falciparum)
4 HEMATOLOGY SECTION:

HB GENOTYPE TEST
Aim: To determine the genotype of patient’s blood
Principle: This principle is based on the migration of charged particle in an electric
field. At pH above or below their iso-electric point, proteins carry a net negative
or positive charge and thus migrate to the opposite electrode.
At alkaline (8.6), Hemoglobin carries a net negative charge and thus migrates to
the anode.
Materials: Applicator’s stick, Cellulose acetate paper, Genotype electrophoresis
tank (machine), Blood sample, control (a known AS sample of blood), Filter paper,
Water, White test card.
Procedure: The cellulose acetate paper was soaked in Tris-buffer and gently
blotted between two sheets of filter paper to remove excess moisture, the red
cell (hemolysate) is lysed with distilled water on the white test card.
The control was also lysed with water. The red cell (hemolysate) was applied to
the already blotted cellulose acetate paper with an applicator stick while the
cellulose acetate paper was placed on the electrophoretic tank making sure the
front of the application is on the cathode end and the direction of migration on
the anode end.
The lid was replaced and current switched on. The protein (hemoglobin) was
allowed to migrate for 10 to 20mins.
The cellulose acetate paper was removed from the tank and dried. Then the
bands were inspected and compared with a known AS

Result: Result: If the result is AA when there are two lines when the S migrate to
the positive electrode and then A to
the negative electrode then is AS. When A migrate only to the negative electrode
then it is AA andwhen the S
riigrate to positive electrode and another S migrate to the positive electrode then
it is SS.

A) BLOOD GROUP
Introduction: Blood group is a classification of blood based on the presence or
absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.These
antigens may be proteins, carbohydrate, glycoprotein or glycolipids depending on
the blood group system.
Aim: To determine the blood group of a patient.
Principle: The antigen in the red cell reacts with the anti-sera to form an
agglutination reaction.
Materials: Grouping tile, Applicator stick, Anti-sera A, B, D, Blood sample,
Procedure: A drop of Anti-sera A, B, D was placed in three different places on the
grouping tile. After which a drop of the patient’s sample was added to Anti-sera A,
B, and D respectively. The blood sample was mixed with the antisera using
different applicator sticks and the tile was rock gently.
Result: Below is the possible results and interpretation

PCV (PACKED CELL VOLUME)

Introduction: Packed cell volume also known as hematocrit is used to screen for
anemia when (hemoglobin) Hb is not measured accurately. It is also used to check
dehydration, burn, hemorrhagic fever and cythaemia, e.t.c
Aim:This is to detect packed cell volume in the blood
Apparatus: blood, capillary tube, micro hematocrit reader, sealant, centrifuge.
Procedure: The capillary tube was used to collect blood from well mixed EDTAanti
coagulated blood container.
The unfilled end of the capillary tube was sealed with a sealant. After this, the
capillary tubes were placed in the hematocrit centrifuge was spun for five
minutes. The tubes were brought out and placed in a hematocrit reader to take
reading of the PCV.
Result: Below is a summary of PCV results.
Helicobacter pylori TEST
Aim: This test is used to check for the presence ofHelicobacter pylori in the blood
for the detection of ulcer
Introduction: H. pylori is a small, spiral shaped bacterium that lives in the surface
of the stomach and duodenum.
It is implicated as one of the causative agents of gas to intestinal disease including
duodenal and gastric ulcer
Principle: The H. pylori strip is a qualitative membrane strip based on
immunoassay for the detection of H. pylori anti bodies in serum or plasma of the
patient. In this test procedure, antihumanIgG is immobilized in the line region of
the device.
Materials: Centrifuge, Serum, Strip, Pasteur pipette and Timer.
Procedure: Blood sample was collected and spun using a centrifuge. With the use
of a pipette, a drop of blood was placed on the well on the stripand allowed to
stay for 10 minutes after which the result was read.
Result: If the result is positive, a single line will be seen.
CHAPTER THREE
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING SIWES PROGRAM
1 Distance of place of attachment led to high expenses on transportation
Supporting a student financially will not only encourage a student to do more but
will indirectly support education especially in this part of the world. There was no
source of financial encouragement from my place of attachment throughout my
period of training.
2 I was only allowed to carry out some investigation using manual procedures
3 Securing my IT placement was not really an easy task.

RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAM

1. It prepares students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.
2. Exposes students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in the universities and other institutions of
higher learning.
3. SIWES makes the transition from the university to the place of work easier and
thus, enhance students’ contact for later job placement.
4. It prepares an avenue for students in Nigerian Universities to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their course of study.
5. Enlists and strengthen employer’s involvement in the entire education process
of preparing university and other tertiary graduates for employment in industry.
6. It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in
real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between university work and actual
practice.
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 CONCLUSION
Working in the laboratory has indeed been an eye opener. Safety precautions in
the Laboratory are necessary to be followed as well as apparatus maintenance.
Various kind of tests have various principles, methods and materials involved but
are all aimed at helping patients discover causes for certain health challenges. It is
not all about laboratory diagnosis and other laboratory practices but work ethics
as well. This information is fundamental to any biological scientist who is mostly
associated with the laboratory.

4.2GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE SIWES PROGRAM

 Ways of Improving SIWES Program
 Quality orientation programs should be organized for all intending I.T
students and should be made compulsory (it should be on
departmental/faculty levels due to the significance of each disciplines)
 Many I.T students roam about because of lack of placement. The institution
should liaise (departmentally) with some industries/organizations who will
always be ready to assist.
 Visiting of the students by the institution should be taken with all
seriousness. Advice for Future Participants
 SIWES is not money-making venture. Students should rather maximize this
as an opportunity to learn how to working order to get all necessary pay in
the future
 Avoid refraining from active work, going around for personal businesses or
selfish rather be committed to practice and work ethics. Commitment pays.
 Students should endeavor to have their IT placements in organizations
related to their course of study.
 ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGER
 There should be formal training and orientation for the students under
their care.
 There should be appreciative measures like in monetary terms.

CONCLUTION
My six month industrial attachment with Mereje Government Hospital has really
been fun, interesting, productive and instructive experience in my life. I have
gained new insight and more Practical comprehensive understanding about the
field of my study and the working condition.In addition, from what I have
undergone, I am sure that industrial training program has achieved its primary
objective. As a result of the program, I am now confident to build my future
career which I have already started with Mereje Government hospital.
REFERENCE
Mereje Government hospital, Okpe local government area, Delta state.
A Text Book of Microbiology by Dr. R. B Dubey and Dr. D. K Maheshwari.
BrowneAJ,Kashef HamadaniBH,KumaranEAP,et al.Drug-resistant enteric fever
worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Med2020;
18:1.doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1443-1pmid:31898501