A COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON

MY STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
PROGRAM.

ABASIODIONG EMMANUEL OKON

UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT

U2017/5730087
 UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT
FACULTY OF SCHOOL OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

2021/2022 ACADEMIC SESSION

UNDERTAKEN
AT
UNIVERSITY OF UYO TEACHING HOSPITAL, BEFORE EKOM IMAN
JUNCTION,ABAK ROAD, 532101, UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA.
FEBRUARY 2022 – AUGUST 2022
SUBMITTED BY
OKON ABASIODIONG EMMANUEL
(Matric No: U2017/5730087)
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
B.TECH (DEGREE)
IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA.
COURSE CODE: SLT402.2
COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
APRIL, 2023.
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to God Almighty for His love, grace, favor and protection
during my six months industrial training period.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

My greatest appreciation goes to God Almighty for His love and protection
all through the six months industrial training period.

Special thanks go to my lovely family for their love and support throughout
the six months industrial training period.

I also want to thank my industrial training supervisor and the entire staff of
Biomedical Technology for the guidance and knowledge impacted on me.

Special thanks go to Engr. Jacobson Unyime, and the Head of Unit

Biomedical Engineering unit, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Engr. Uku
Eduok and the entire staff for the support and opportunity to acquire the skills
and experience from them.

Lastly, I want to say a big THANK YOU to Engr. Mbah for letting me see what
is out there in the world of Biomedical Engineering and gaining the necessary
experience I need.
 ABTRACT

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a six months

program which offers a veritable means of redressing the gap between the skills
repertoire possessed by Nigerian graduates and relevant production skills
required by employers. This Industrial Training report is written based on my
experience I gained during the six months training period. The experienced I
gained was through working with medical equipment, how to troubleshoot, fix
and repair medical equipment.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Dedication i
Acknowledgment ii
Abstract iii
Table of contents iv
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
History of the firm
Organizational chart
Various departments and functions
CHAPTER 2: ACTIVITIES DURING THE SIWES PERIOD
Orientation
Suction machine
Operating table
Manual sphygmomanometer
Ventilator
Incubator
Patient monitor
Operating lamp
Medical oxygen cylinder
Jobs done during industrial training
CHAPTER THREE
Problems encountered during industrial training
Relevance of the SIWES programme
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRAMME
Ways of improving the programme
Advice for the future participants
Advice for the SIWES managers
Conclusion
Reference
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The vision of the Industrial Training Fund, when it initiated the Students’
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) in 1973, was the provision of an
avenue for students to acquire practical industrial exposure in their respective
disciplines during the course of their studies. Such exposure, it was envisaged,
would prepare students to fit, more readily, into an industrial work environment
after their academic career. The scheme was also designed to offer lecturers the
opportunity to evaluate the relevance of training to the needs of industry. Funds
are made available by the federal government through the National Universities
Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE).

During the industrial training, students are exposed to machines

equipment, professional methods of work, industrial safety of the work
environment as well as the workers in the industries and other relevant
workplaces such as research institutions, etc. In this case, the student is expected
to make the best use of the training period to adapt to work in all the relevant
domains. The generally approved duration for the students’ industrial work
experience scheme is twenty-four (24) weeks. This means that a student needs to
be on the programme for six (6) months in order to get the best value from the
training.

OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objectives of the students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) are to:
a) Provide an avenue for students in Nigerian universities to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their course of study.
b) Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation.
c) Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machinery that may not be available in the universities and other
institutions of higher learning.
d) Provide students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge
in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between university work
and actual practice.
e) Make the transition from the university to the place of work easier, and
thus, enhance students’ contacts for later job placement.
f) Enlist and strengthen employer’s involvement in the entire education
process of preparing university and other tertiary graduation for
employment in industry.
HISTORY OF THE FIRM

University of Uyo Teaching Hospital was conceived in 1994 by the Akwa

Ibom State Government as the Akwa Ibom State Specialist Hospital, later
renamed Sani Abacha Specialist Hospital. Clinical services started in January 22,
1996. In 1997, it was taken over by the Federal Government and further renamed
Federal Medical Centre, Uyo. Following the establishment of a college of Health
Sciences at the Federal University of Uyo, a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) was signed in March 2001, between the Federal Ministry of Health,
University of Uyo and the Hospital, making it the University of Uyo Teaching
Hospital. This was necessary in order to enable the students do their clinical
training.

It is important to note that the instrument which accorded the hospital the
status of a fully fledged Teaching Hospital was finally signed in January 28, 2008
by the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria, Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’Adua.

The University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, a five hundred (500) bed facility is
one of the evolving tertiary healthcare institutions located in Uyo, Akwa Ibom
State (South-South) of Nigeria, West Africa. The hospital has a total of 25
departments, comprising of 21 clinical, 4 non clinical departments as well as
several support units. The hospital strives hard to deliver the core competences in
Research, Clinical Training and Quality Tertiary Healthcare Service Delivery.
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
VARIOUS DEPARTMENT AND FUCNTIONS

A. INTERNAL MEDICINE: sometimes known as Internists or Doctors of Internal

Medicine, are experts in complexity. They specialize in adult medicine, and
are specially trained to solve diagnostic problems, manage severe long-
term illness, and help patients with multiple, complex chronic conditions.
B. NURSING SERVICE: is part of the health organization which aims at
satisfying the nursing needs of patients/community. In nursing services, the
nurse works with the member of allied disciples such as dietetics, medical
social service, pharmacy etc.
C. PAEDIATRICS: is the branch of medicine dealing with the health and
medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age
of 18.
D. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY: a branch of medicine that specializes in
the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis
and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs.
E. PHARMACY: This department is responsible for the quality of medicines
supplied to patients. Also ensuring that the medicines prescribed to
patients are suitable. Advising patients about medicines, including how to
take them, what reactions may occur and answering patients’ questions.
F. FAMILY MEDICINE: also known as expert at managing common complaints,
recognizing important diseases, uncovering hidden conditions, and
managing most acute and chronic illnesses.
G. PSYCHIATRY: is a branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.
H. ANESTHESIOLOGY: the duty of this department is to monitor and control
the patient’s vital life functions, including heart rate and rhythm, breathing,
blood pressure, body temperature and body fluid balance.
I. HISTOPATHOLOGY: study organs, tissues, cells and genetics to help provide
a diagnosis.
J. OPHTHALMOLOGY: diagnoses and treats all eye diseases, performs eye
surgery and prescribes and fits eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct
vision problems.
K. CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY: combine laboratory and clinical skills, using
biochemical laboratory tests to diagnose disease and manage patients.
L. HEMATOLOGY: diagnose and treat patients with blood and bone marrow
disorders.
M. MICROBIOLOGY: this department studies microorganisms, or microbes
which provide information needed to create vaccines and treatments for
diseases.
N. PHYSIOTHERAPY: helps to restore movement and function when someone
is affected by injury, illness or disability.
O. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT (ENT): ENT deals with anything that has to do
with the head, neck, and ears in adults and children, including hearing, the
thyroid, the sinuses, the adenoids and tonsils, the throat, ear tubes, cancer
of the head, neck, and throat, etc.
P. COMMUNITY HEALTH: is a medical practice which focuses on people’s well-
being in a particular geographical area.
Q. DENTAL: this department deals with the prevention and treatment of oral
disease, including diseases of the teeth and supporting structures and
diseases of the soft tissue of the mouth.
R. HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: organize, oversee, and protect
patient health information data which includes symptoms, diagnoses,
medical histories, test results, and procedures.
S. RADIOLOGY: this department is specialized diagnosing and treating injuries
and diseases using medical imaging procedures such as X-rays, computed
tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound.
T. ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY: is a department in the hospital where people
who have severe injuries or sudden illness are taken for emergency
treatment.
U. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT: This department provides an adequate clean and
constant supply of linen to all users (doctors, nurses and patients).
V. Intensive Care Unit: This department renders specialized treatment given
to patients who are acutely unwell and require critical medical care.
W. Stores: This is where materials are received from the suppliers and kept
when needed.
 CHAPTER TWO

ACTIVITIES DURING THE SIWES PERIOD

ORIENTATION

First day of my industrial training, a simple orientation was carried out by my

supervisor, Engr. Jacobson Unyime, ensuring that I had a basic knowledge on the
nature of the work in the hospital. And also being introduced to some tools used
and how it being used.

MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS

The following are the medical equipments I worked on during the SIWES period;

1. SUCTION MACHINE: this is a type of medical equipment that is primarily

used for removing obstructions – like mucus, saliva, blood or secretions –
from a person’s airway. Some of these suction devices may be mechanical
pumps or electrically operated.

2. OPERATING TABLE: an operating table is used to place the patient in the

best position for a given type of surgery. While the surgical team operates
on the patients on the operating table, may move various parts of the body
using the surgical table accessories for easier access to the surgical site.
3. MANUAL SPHYGMOMANOMETER: also known as blood pressure monitor,
which works by tightening a cuff around a patients forearms and slowly
pumping the bulb which increases pressure, are effective fat measuring
systolic pressure. The most common manual sphygmomanometer is the
mercury sphygmomanometer.

4. VENTILATOR: this device helps the patient to breathe when sick, injured, or
sedated for operation. It pumps oxygen into the patient lungs and helps
breathe out carbon dioxide.

5. INCUBATOR (INFANT INCUBATOR): also called neonatal incubator, is a box-

like enclosure in which an infant can be kept in a controlled environment
for observation and care. The duration in incubators depends on the babies
health conditions. Some may stay for a few hours, while others for a few
days. COMPONENTS OF AN INFANT INCUBATOR includes a heater, a fan, a
container to add humidity, a control valve through which oxygen may be
added, and access ports for nursing care.
6. PATIENT MONITOR: is used to measure various physiological parameters of
a patient in the hospital. Patient monitor parameters that may be
monitored include heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen
saturation and more.

TYPES OF PATIENT MONITOR

Vital Sign Patient Monitor: these are basic patient monitors that give
information about basic parameters such as NIBP, Sp02 and pulse rate.

Multipara Patient Monitor: is design to give multiple parameters such as ECG

(HR), SP02, pulse rate, NIBP, temperature and more.

7. OPERATING LAMPS: also known as surgical light is used during surgical

procedures. It provides optimal illumination for operations. Surgical lights
radiate less heat, so the surgeon and staff is more comfortable.

8. MEDICAL OXYGEN CYLINDER/TANKS: oxygen cylinders are medical devices

meant to provide supplemental oxygen to patients, which is then dispensed
to the patient using an oxygen mask or nasal tubes.
PARTS OF AN OXYGEN CYLINDER: an oxygen cylinder consists of a pressure gauge,
flow regulator knob, humidifier bottle, nasal cannula, surgical mask, adapter, and
a cylinder.

HOW DO OXYGEN CYLINDERS WORK?

 Turn the cylinder’s valve on with the help of a wrench.

 After the valve is open, check the gauge to check the pressure and ensure
that there is ample oxygen in the tank.
 Adjust the flow using the flow regulator knob to the rate prescribed by the
doctor.
 Attach tubing and nasal prongs as required, and adjust the nasal prongs for
a comfortable fit and it is ready to use.

WAYS OF HANDLING OXYGEN CYLINDERS

Oxygen cylinders should be handled with care, delicately and properly and the
few ways are to be followed when handling oxygen cylinders.

 Do store the oxygen cylinder in a well-ventilated room as some leakage is

possible.
 Do not empty the cylinder completed as that allows air to enter and slowly
degrade the pressure vessel from the inside.
 Do keep the cylinder away from direct sun or other heat sources.
 Do not use oil or grease on or around the cylinder as they can react with
oxygen.
 Be gentle when placing cylinders down as a shock can trigger it to blast.
 Do not lift the cylinder from the neck; instead, use a trolley for any
movement.
ADVANTAGES OF USING OXYGEN CYLINDERS

 There is minimal maintenance required with oxygen cylinders.

 They do not require any power source, which makes ideal for areas with
unpredictable electricity supply.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING OXYGEN CYLINDERS

 They need to be handled with the utmost care to avoid an accident.

 They are heavy, which makes them difficult to transport every time they
need to be refilled.
JOBS DONE DURING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

1. SERVICING OF RADIANT WARMER: In one of the labor suite in Special Care

Baby Unit (SCBU), one of the radiant warmer was not working. I carried out
troubleshooting on the machine. The first thing I discovered was the fuse
was bad and it was a 5A fuse. I replaced the bad 5A fuse with a good 5A
fuse. Plugged the radiant warmer to an electric, the machine came on, but
no heat was emitted. I checked the element (i.e. what makes the heat to
emitted) and it was bad. So I replaced the bad element with a good one the
radiant warmer was up and running.
2. PHOTOTHERAPY MACHINE: This machine has to do with emitting light and
these lights helps to fight jaundice in babies. One of the light bulbs weren’t
working, so I changed the bulb with a good bulb.
3. INCUBATOR: At SCBU (Special Care Baby Unit), I was asked to uncouple
some of the incubators used already by a baby so it would be cleaned and
sanitized for another baby to be put into. After about 5hours, I go back to
couple back the incubator so another baby can be put inside. This routine
happens every week. Also some of the incubators that went bad, after
troubleshooting and realized that some parts of the incubator needed to be
replaced. And as such, I moved the incubators to our workshop. Also a new
incubator purchased, after few months started making alarm noise. My
supervisor and I inspected the machine carefully and found out it a
manufacturer error and since the machine was still on warrant, it was sent
back.
4. OPERATING TABLE (OP-TABLE): At the hospital, op-tables are usually found
at theaters in few departments in the hospital which are Orthopedic
Theater, Maternity Theater, Accident and Emergency Theater (A&E) and the
 main theater. I was opportune to work at the main theater, orthopedic
theater and maternity theater. The common problem with op-tables was,
when trying to pump the op-table with a pedal (note: the op-tables are not
electrical and as such uses hydraulic system). Pumping the pedal with your
leg with enable the op-table to go up and pressing the pedal down will
enable it to go down, and as such, difficulty in moving the op-table up would
be as a result that there is no oil in the hydraulic system of the op-table, and
as such oil needs to be added to enable the op-table to work. The processes
of trying to add the oil to the hydraulic system would mean that the op-
table be dismantle. I loosed severally bolts in order to lift out the main body
of the op-table and after the oil has been added, I carried the upper body of
the op-table and placed it according to the holes so as to screw it back
correctly.
5. PROPER USE OF A VENTILATOR: The ventilators I worked on were located at
ICU department (Intensive Care Unit). The ventilators were new ones so
clearly there was no need for servicing. But I learnt how to carry out a pre
use check on the ventilator and the importance of pre-use check. I was able
to carry out the connection from the oxygen cylinder to the ventilator.
6. SUCTION MACHINE: I changed the fuse in the plug head of a suction
machine because it was faulty. I also changed the filter which was dirty.
7. OPEARTING LAMP (OP-LAMP): Just like op-tables found in theaters, op-
lamp are also found in theaters. These lamps enable the surgeons to see
clearly during an operation. I changed the faulty bulbs and also cleaned the
bulb glasses to enable brighter light.
 CHAPTER THREE

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

The problems I encountered during my industrial training are;

1. Difficulty in finding an organization for my industrial training: It was hard to

find a hospital to do my industrial training and most hospitals rejected my
application.
2. No payment
3. Overworking
4. Carrying heavy equipments and machines was tiring because there was no
provision of a wheel cart.

RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAM

 It provides a pathway for students in higher learning institutions to acquire
various skills and experience needed for their various courses.
 It provides an avenue for more learning outside the classrooms.
 It helps to boost the student’s morale in that particular area of field.
 It encourages the students to do more of research work and also gain
research experience.
 It also creates space for opportunity for the students to meet people in that
area of specialization.

CHAPTER 4
 CONCLUSION AND GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRAMME

WAYS OF IMPROVING THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAM

For improvement and betterment of industrial training scheme for younger

generation, it is expected to adhere to the following;

 Proper orientation and grooming to given to the industrial trainees.

 Firms are encouraged to pay industrial trainees under them to enable them
cope throughout the training.
 There should be proper supervision and assessment of students.
 SIWES should liaise with some companies or firm to provide more
attachment opportunities for students because large number of student
find it difficult getting an industrial training space.

ADVICE FOR FUTURE PARTICIPANTS

  Punctuality is a sign of professionalism and helps you stand out as a reliable
and trustworthy employee. It signals that care for your team members and
take your job seriously.
 Industrial trainees should search for placement immediately they are issued
I.T letters by SIWES unit.
 Industrial trainees should develop interest in their industrial training
program.
 It is important to ask questions in any area you do not understand since
people you work with all have valuable advice and in-depth knowledge.
 Always document your everyday activities so as not to forget what you did
that day.

ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGERS

I commend the SIWES managers for giving students the opportunity to undergo
training in our various fields of study and acquire work experience. I also
appreciate their efforts in improving this experience. Still, there is room for
improvement in the system such as financial support for the industrial trainees.

CONCLUSION

My six month industrial attachment with University of Uyo Teaching Hospital has
really been fun, interesting, productive and instructive experience in my life. I
have gained new insight and more comprehensive understanding about the field
of my study and the working condition.

In addition, from what I have undergone, I am sure that industrial training

program has achieved its primary objective. As a result of the program, I am now
confident to build my future career which I have already started with Uyo
Teaching Hospital.

REFERENCE
University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom. Hotels.ng Places. Retrieved
2023-04-02.