UpFEDERAL UNIVERSITY,

OTUOKE
PMB 126, YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
…”For knowledge, excellence, and service.”

st

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
Training Report
 A TECHNICAL REPORT ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT

ARMED FORCES ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

WORKSHOP (AFEME WORKSHOP),
MOGADISHU CONTONMENT, ASOKORO ABUJA.
BY
NWAKPU OZIAS IZUCHUKWU

FUO/16/MCE/2723
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
400 LEVEL

SUBMITTED TO:

THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, OTUOKE,
BAYELSA STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF

ENGINEERING (B.Eng) DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 April – September, 2021.

DEDICATION
I wish to dedicate this report to God Almighty for His grace, mercy, love and protection toward

my life throughout the duration of the SIWES programme. Also, to my loving family , my dad

Mr . Nwakpu Michael. A; my num Mrs Nwakpu Regina .N;as well to my kind uncle Mr

Nwakpu Chibuike Hygenius for always been their to encourage ,supports and provide necessary

assistance throughout the whole experiences and lastly to my siblings.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I'm honored to acknowledged those who were of help to me, in one way or the other, throughout

the SIWES duration. First and foremost, all thanks go to God Almighty, for His inexhaustible

love upon my life during the exercise, particularly for the strength He gave me to complete the

SIWES programme.

I appreciate my family and siblings for their constant help and support, more especially my dad,

my mum , my uncle and my beloved friends who was of help financially and more of advise that

led to the actualization of the wonderful SIWES experience.

My special thanks too to my adorable HOD Prof Zibokere, and my lecturers Engr. Anisiji

Obiora, Engr. Leo Eromina Obogai , Engr.yelebe among others for being good role models as

well as friends .

I also appreciate my industrial based supervisor in the person of capt HB Dabai, Instrutor MJ

Munhaye, Sargent Mamah, my grantor cpl Nasiru Yahaya and everybody at the Armed Forces

Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Workshop (AFEME WORKSHOP) Mogadishu

Cantonment, Asokoro Abuja.

 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was initiated by Industrial Training

Fund (ITF) in 1973. SIWES was approved by the Federal Government to realize the need to

introduce a new dimension towards achieving the technological advancement needs of the

country. Also, it was instituted to help undergraduates get practical experience and knowledge of

theoretical works done in colleges and universities. The scheme helps students get familiarize

with work methods, ethics, techniques in handling equipment and machine tools that may not be

available in the institutions.

1.1 STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

BACKGROUND

Just as briefly mentioned earlier, the SIWES was established in 1973 by ITF to terminate the

problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigeria

tertiary institutions graduates. It was officially approved and presented by the Federal

Government in 1974 and is now implemented under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education

by Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

Since its introduction by the ITF in 1973, the scheme has gone through series of reforms in its

management, for instance, its implementation has revolved round regulatory agencies such as

National Universities Commission (NUC), National Board for Technical Education (NBTE),
National Commission for College of Education (NCCE) and now back to the ITF again. These

are the major stakeholders in SIWES.

ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years, but withdrew from the scheme in 1978

due to paucity of fund. The federal government handed over the scheme to both the NUC and the

National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) in 1979. Later, the government reverted the

management and implementation of the scheme to ITF in July 1985 with the funding solely

taken up by the federal government.

The scheme is a participatory programme involving universities, polytechnics and technical

college’s students in Nigeria. Duration of the programme is four (4) months for the polytechnics

and college of education while the universities students undertake the programme for a period of

between three (3) to six (6) months, depending on the level of study.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The Industrial Training Funds policy document no. 1 of 1973, which established SIWES
outline the objectives of the scheme. These objectives as gotten from Yabatech (2018) are:

Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience during their course of study.

Prepare students for industrial work situation that they are likely to meet after graduation.

Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in their institutions.

Make the transition from school to the world of work carrier and enhances students
contacts for later job placements.

Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practical.
 1.3 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

The bodies involved in the management of SIWES are;

The Federal Government

The Industrial Training Fund and

Supervising Agencies

ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Provision of adequate funds to the Industrial Training Fund through the Federal Ministry of
Industries for the scheme.

Make it mandatory for all Ministries, Companies and Parastatals to offer places for the
attachment of students in accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 47 of 1971 as amended
in 2011. The relevant provisions of the decree are as follows: Section 8 (1) (b) stipulates as
follows;

Shall accept students for industrial attachment purposes;

The Decree under section 8A (2) stipulates penalties in default of section 8A (1) Section 8 (2)
“Any employer who is in breach of the provision of the sub-section (1) of this section should be
guilty of an offence under this Act and liable to conviction.

In the case of a Corporate Body, to a fine of Five Hundred Thousand Naira (N500,000.00) for
the first breach and One Million Naira (N1,000,000.00) for subsequent breach; and

In the case of Chief Executive, Secretary, or other Principal Officers of the company, to a fine of
Fifty Thousand Naira (N50,000.00) or two years imprisonment for the first breach and three
years’ imprisonment without option of a fine for each subsequent breach.

THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND: The fund is to

Formulate Policies and Guidelines on SIWES for distribution to all SIWES participating bodies,
institutions and companies involved in the scheme;

Regularly organize orientation_ programs for Students prior to their attachment;

Receive and process Master and Placement

List from the Institutions through their

Supervising Agencies i.e. (NUC, NBTE, NCCE);

Supervise Students on Industrial Attachment; Disburse Supervisory and Students allowance by
e-payment.

Organize Biennial SIWES National Conference’ and SIWES Review Meetings;

Provide insurance cover for Students on attachment; viii) Provide logistics and materials
necessary for effective administration of the Schemes, such documents as 8, SCAF and DEPF.

Ensure the visitation (tours) of ITF Officers to the Supervising Agencies, Institutions, Employers
and Students Attachment;

Provide information on companies for attachment and assist in the industrial placement of
students;

Continuously review and carry out research into the operation of the scheme;

Vet and process Student’ logbook and ITF form 8.

SUPERVISING AGENCIES: The national universities commission is to:

Ensure the establishment and accreditation of SIWES Unit in institutions under their jurisdiction;

Direct for the appointment of full-time SIWES coordinators;

Ensure adequate funding of the SIWES units in all Institutions;

Vet and approve Master and placement list of student from participating Institution and forward
same to the ITF;

Develop, monitor and review job-specification in collaboration with the Institution towards the
maintenance of National minimum Academic standard for all programs approved for SIWES;

Liaise with ITF and participate in the biennial SIWES National conference and other relevant
SIWES Seminars, Conference, workshop and meetings;

Research into the development of SIWES in lines with advance in technological development’

Regularly review courses qualified for SIWES in collaboration with other bodies;

Liaise with the ITF, to ensure the implementation of all Federal Government policies on the
scheme.
1.4 CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a

programme created to help the Nigerian undergraduates acquire the practical aspects of

education, as such, it is a very necessary and effective programme targeted at producing an

experienced Nigerian graduate.

1.5 HISTORICAL SURVEY OF AFEME WORKSHOP

The Armed Forces Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Workshop was commissioned on

the 9th day of March 2004 by His Excellency DR. DIETMAR KREUSEL, The Ambassador

of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Mechanical and Electrical Work Floor Department (Repair Bay).

Mechatronics Department (where we have the Automotive Mechatronics School).
Welding, Fitting and Fabrication Department.
Painting and Panel beating Department.v
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 TROUBLESHOOTING, FAULT FINDINGS DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSIS

TROUBLECODE

DIAGNOSIS: Is the process of identify the nature, symptoms and cause of a fault. A
diagnosis trouble codes is an alphanumeric five (5) digits character trouble codes that
corresponds to a particular type of fault.The diagnosis trouble codes list was originally created
by the Society of Automative Engineers (SAE) for use by all vehicles manufacturer who has to
comply with Electronic On_Board Diagnosis (EOBDll) emission regulations for California Air
Resources Board (CARB) from model year January 1996 in U.S.

A set of standardized generic EOBDll -16 pin connector port are also Incorporated into the
specifications. However, the same list of diagnosis trouble codes was also been adopted by
European and Asian Auto producers.

2.1 VEHICLES COMPUTER INTERACTION MODE WITH DIAGNOSING TOOLS.

The diagonising EOBDll scan tools act as the mediator between the repairs technician
and the vehicle's computer.

Therefore, the technician can access or hoist the on_board computer with a diagonnistic tool
via the following communication.

a. Data link connector

b.wireless communication such as bluetooth,infra-red and wi-fi hotspot.

Diagram left

2.2 ORIGN OF EOBD

When EOBD was originally introduced, standard and practices were less defined.Manufacturers
developed and applied their own system and code of description. The state of things became
undesirable since none franchised service and repairs centers had to understand various the
subtleties of each system; this meant have different scan tools,as well as multitude of leads,
manual and connectors is employed. These makes diagnostics became unwide and expensive to
be accessed. This stage became known as EOBD- 1, the first EOBD introduction.
 In late 1980s, the society of Automative Engineers ( SAE) defined a list of practices and
recommended these to the environmental protection agency (EPA). The EPA as a body
acknowledged this benefits and recommendation, and also adopted them. The EOBD shape and
it's application's. The recommend was included having a standard diagnotic connector,a standard
scan toos ancommunication protocol that the stacard scan tool could be use to intcoace with the
vehicle of any mancodturer..

The standard alsocodeincluded in mandatory struct and description for certaiM emissions
control system/components defects.. These are called PO codes. Manufacturer were still free
to generate their own manufacturer specific codes description called P1 code. This phase of
implementation became known as EOBD-2 and was adopted for implementation by 1st January
1996.

Electronic On_ Board Diagnosis EOBD is an Automative term which refers to a

vehicle's self diagnostic and reporting capabilities.

i. The system alerts the vehicle's owner by illuminating a warning, which shows malfunction
indication lamps (MIL) in regards to failure in emission related components.

ii. To help technicians and engineers access to the statusof the various vehicle sub-i

iii. The aim of the EOBD_11 software is to monitor and regulates vehicle's emission to J

O0RINCIPLE USED IN TROUBLESHOOTING/DIAGNOSIS. Oko

The basic principle in troubleshooting is to begin with the simplest and the most
probable possible problem first, after received owner complain.

2.4 IMPORTANCE OF TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSIS.

Troubleshooting and diagnosis is been studied in order to eliminate the potential causes of a
problem and to restore the system components back to its original state.

TSB'S.: Technical Service Bulletin is a step by step recommended procedure used for repairing
vehicles

It is been divided into two;

i. Auto-data software , used according to European specifications standard

ii. All -data software, used according to American specifications standard.

Both are used as workshop technical manual for repairing purposes and references.

2.5 DIAGNOSTICS WARNING INDICATION/MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMP (MIL)

AND IT'S MEANING ON VEHICLES.

The check lamps on the instrument cluster or dashboard of vehicles serves as an early
warning sign that alerts the vehicle's owner there is potential need for vehicle maintenance,
repairs and replacement as liisted below,

2.6 COMPOSITION SYSTEM TO DIAGNOSING TROUBLE CODES ON VEHICLES.

Generally, there are different systems on which vehicle are built, however diagnostics
trouble codes are limited to set of these four (4) system codes. The diagnostics trouble codes
(DTCs) is displayed five (5) aphanumeric characters codes. The first character is a letter which
defines which vehicle system set code be it powertrain, body, chassis and network
communication.

. P-Code: means powertrain system set the code

. B-Code: means body system set the code

.C-Code: means chassis system set the code

.U-Code: means network communication error set code

P-Code: is represented with microprocessor controlling to the powertrain, transmission and refer
to emissions control system with their components.

B-Code:Is represented with microprocessor controlling the body systems. These are collectely
grouped as lightings, air bag.air conditioning, instrumentations , entertainment and telematics in
a car.

C-Code: Is represented with microprocessor controlling controlling the chassis systems that
control the vehicle dynamics of heights such as anti- brakes lock system (ABS), electronic
stability program (ESP), tires pressure monitoring system( TPMS), traction control, electrical
power system (EPS) etc.

U-Code:Is represented with microprocessor controlling the network communication such as

wiring CAN-bus or U
 2.7 DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURES.

Having gotten the experiences on vehicle diagnosis, it was brought to my knowledge the
diagnostics procedure using scan tool(foxwell), following either the generic EOBD-2 software or
general manufacturer software and programs that are Incorporated in a hardware scan tool with
its bluetooth connected to the vehicle as follows;

1. The vehicle to be scanned was placed on ignition switch ON

2. The EOBD scan tools bluetooth connector was slotted on vehicle system EOBD port to
established communication showing LED indicated on the connector.

3. Launch the EOBD -2 Software either generic or manufacturer software and programs from
scan hardware.

4, select vehicle brand or make, e.g Mercedes Benz, Toyota,, Nissan etc.

5. Vehicle's model, e.g carmry, Corolla, Lexus, Highlander, Peugeot

(406,407,203,307,508,164), Mercedes Benz ( ml-350,s500,,c300,Gl550 ,c350 ) etc.

6. Select vehicle specifications , e.g European car, American car and Asian car.

7. Year of Manufacturer, e.g M Y 07/2007

8.Types of engines, e.g Inline-4cylinder, V6, V8,V12 engine .

9.Number of power drive e.g 2WD,4WD, AWD.

10.Engine capacity in liters e.g 1.81,2.01 etc

11.VIN-NO . Alteast seventeen (17) alphanumeric characters.

10. Engine code:2AZ, 2GR,2TR ,EW10 , 272, 273,271,M113, 1MZ, 2Mz,1ZZ.

11. Types of Transmissions: Automatic or Manuel

12. Steering position: e.g right-hand or left-hand steering.

13. Types of Fuel been used in such vehicle : e.g PMS, AGO etc.

14.select scan either automatic or manual scan.

15. Report: select either health report in general or system selection report.

16 . Read fault code: here all the system health fault report appeared if any, state and each
system diagnostics trouble codes be it powertrain, chassis, body and network communication
error.
17.clear the faulted code.

2.8 DIAGNOSIS TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) STRUCTURE AND IT'S IDENTIFICATION

What is a DTC Code?

A DTC, short for Diagnostic Trouble Code, is a code used to diagnose malfunctions in a vehicle
or heavy equipment. While the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)—also known as the check
engine light—simply alerts drivers that there is an issue, a DTC identifies what and where the
issue is. DTCs are also called engine vehicle fault codes codes, and can be read with a scanner
that plugs directly into the port of a vehicle.Having a basic understanding of DTCs can be
helpful for drivers and fleet managers.

2.9 Where do DTCs come from?

DTCs are generated by the vehicle’s on-board diagnostics (OBD) system whenever a
fault is detected. The OBD both diagnoses the fault and displays the DTC through visible
warnings such as the illumination of a check engine light. It is also what allows external devices,
such as an OBD scanner, to interact with a vehicle’s onboard computer system. Over the years,
several different versions of OBD interfaces were used—these interfaces, now classified as
OBD-I, largely varied from manufacturer to manufacturer. Today, there is main standards that
people can use to read DTCs.OBD2 -- best for light- and medium-duty vehicles.With the
implementation of OBD-II, a standard DTC list that contains codes that are common to all
manufacturers was created by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

Though OBD-II is widely used, it is important to note that manufacturer-specific DTCs still
exist. Manufacturers may create their own DTCs to supplement the list of universal codes if the
vehicle requires it, but more often than not these manufacturer-specific codes are difficult to
interpret without a mechanic.

Here is the breakdown of what each digit of the code represented;

2.10 How should one read an OBD-II DTC?

DTC codes are five characters long. Each character in the DTC provides a different piece of
information about the vehicle’s problem.

The first character system is always a letter(X). It identifies which system has related to the
trouble code, and has the following possible values and meaning.
P (powertrain) refers to the engine, transmission, fuel system, and associated accessories.

C (chassis) refers to mechanical systems generally outside the passenger compartment such as
steering, suspension, and braking.

B (body) refers to parts mainly found in the passenger compartment area.

U (network) refers to the vehicle’s onboard computers and related systems.

The second character is a digit(X),typically 0 or 1, and shows whether or not the code is
standardized.

0 indicates that the code is generic, standardized SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) code.
Generic codes are adopted by all cars that follow the OBD-II standard.

1 indicates that the code is vehicle manufacturer-specific.These codes are unique to a specific car
make or model and are typically less common.

2 or 3 are more rare and their meanings are dependent on the preceding letter of the code. Most
of the time, 2 or 3 indicates that a code is manufacturer-specific, with only a few exceptions.

The third character is also a digit(X), ranging from 1 to 8,9. This reveals the subsystem at fault.

1 refers to the emission management system ( Air and Fuel)

2 refers to the injectors circuit ( fuel and Fuel metering)

3 refers to the ignition system or misfiring

4 refers to the auxiliary emissions control system

5 refers to the vehicle speed controls and idle control system

6 refers to the computer output circuit.

7 ,8 and 9 indicate that the issue is transmission-related(gearbox).

A,B,C _ for hybrid propulsion .

D,E,F_for future allocation.

The fourth and fifth characters digit (XX) are read together as a two-digit number between 0 and
99 known as the specific fault index(variable). These characters identify the exact issue of the
vehicle.If you are unsure about what your code means, check with your vehicle manufacturer or
your vehicle manual for explanations .