PERENCANAAN BANDARA

Perencanaan Perkerasan
Bagian-bagian mana yg perlu diberi lapisan
pavement ??
 Pavement Classification Number (PCN)
Kode perkerasan suatu bandara yang terdiri dari 5 unsur :
• Unsur pertama adalah kekuatan perkerasan
• Unsur kedua adalah jenis perkerasan (F=flexible/R=rigid)
• Unsur ketiga adalah kekuatan subgrade (gol. A s/d D, A paling kuat, D paling
lunak)
• Unsur keempat adalah tekanan ban maksimum (tire pressure) landas pacu

Pavement Class Maximum Tire Pressure

X 1.5 MPa (217 psi)
Y 1.0 MPa (145 psi)
Z 0.5 MPa (72 psi)
W No limit

• Unsur kelima adalah proses untuk memperoleh keempat unsur di atas apakah
melalui T (=technical analysis) atau U (=usage testing regime)

Contoh di Bandara Juanda kode perkerasannya adalah 83 F/D/X/T

 Aircraft Classification Number (ACN)
• The aircraft classification number (ACN) is a number expressing the
relative effect of an aircraft on the runway pavement for a specified
standard subgrade category (ICAO).
• Subgrade support strength category
– The flexible pavements have four subgrade categories:
A. High Strength – CBR 15 (All CBR above 13%).
B. Medium Strength – CBR 10 (For CBR between 8% to 13%).
C. Low Strength – CBR 6 (For. CBR between 4% to 8%).
D. Ultra Low Strength – CBR 3 (For CBR below 4%).
– The rigid pavements have four subgrade categories:
A. High Strength – Subgrade k = 150 MN/m3 (550 lb/in3) (All k
values above 120 MN/m3).
B. Medium Strength – k = 80 MN/m3 (300 lb/in3) (For values
between 60 to 120 MN/m3).
C. Low Strength – k = 40 MN/m3 (150 lb/in3) (For values between
25 to 60 MN/m3).
D. Ultra Low Strength – k = 20 MN/m3 (75 lb/in3) (All k values
below 25 MN/m3)
Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction = k
 Flexible pavement sub-grades Rigid pavement sub-grades

Aircraft
ACN Weight
Maximum
(kN)
Tire
Pressure
(MPa)
Contoh ACN
High
A
Medium
B
CBR%
Low
C
Very low
D
High
A
Medium
B
k (MPa/m3)
Low
C
Ultra low
D
15 10 6 3 150 80 40 20
A320-100 667 1.21 35 36 40 46 38 41 43 45
A320-200 (Configuration 1) 725 1.03 37 39 44 50 40 43 45 48
A320-200 (Configuration 2) 744 1.14 39 40 45 51 42 45 48 50
A320-200 (Configuration 3) 759 1.44 41 42 47 53 46 49 51 53
A320-200 (Optional Bogie) 725 1.22 20 22 26 35 19 23 27 31
A320-212 (Optional 4-Wheel Bogie) 764 1.22 21 23 28 38 20 24 29 33
A321-100 (Configuration 1) 769 1.28 42 44 49 55 47 50 52 54
A321-100 (Configuration 2) 818 1.36 45 48 53 59 51 54 57 59
A321-200 877 1.46 49 52 58 63 56 59 62 64
A330-200 (Configuration 1) 2,137 1.34 57 62 72 98 48 56 66 78
A330-200 (Configuration 2) 2,264 1.42 62 67 78 106 53 61 73 85
A330-300 (Configuration 1) 2,088 1.31 55 60 70 94 46 54 64 75
A330-300 (Configuration 2) 2,137 1.33 57 61 71 96 47 55 65 77
A330-300 (Configuration 3) 2,264 1.42 62 68 79 107 54 62 74 86
A340-200 (Configuration 1) 2,559 1.32 56 61 71 96 47 55 65 76
A340-200 (Configuration 2) 2,706 1.42 62 67 78 106 53 61 73 85
A340-300 (Configuration 1) 2,559 1.32 56 61 70 96 47 54 65 76
A340-300 (Configuration 2) 2,706 1.42 62 68 79 107 54 62 74 86
A340-500, 600 3,590 1.42 70 76 90 121 60 70 83 97
A380-800 (6 Wheel Main Gear) 5,514 1.47 56 62 75 106 55 67 88 110
A380-800 (4 Wheel Wing Gear) 5,514 1.47 62 68 80 108 55 64 76 88
B727-200F (Advanced) 907 1.15 52 54 61 66 57 60 63 66
B737-100 445 1.02 23 23 26 30 25 26 28 29
B737-200, 200C,Advanced 572 1.26 31 32 37 41 35 37 39 41
B737-300 623 1.4 35 37 41 45 40 42 44 46
B737-400 670 1.28 38 40 45 49 43 45 47 49
B737-500 596 1.34 33 35 39 43 38 40 42 43
B737-600 645 1.3 35 36 40 45 39 41 44 45
B737-700 690 1.39 38 40 44 49 43 46 48 50
B737-800 777 1.47 44 46 51 56 51 53 55 57
B737-900 777 1.47 44 46 51 56 51 53 55 57
B737-BBJ 763 1.47 43 45 50 55 50 52 54 56
B747-100, 100B,100SF 3,350 1.55 49 54 65 86 46 54 64 73
B747-100SR 2,690 1.04 36 38 46 64 29 35 42 50
B747-200B, 200C,200F, 200M 3,720 1.38 55 62 76 98 51 61 72 82
B747-300, 300M,300SR 3,720 1.31 55 62 76 98 50 60 71 81
B747-400, 400F, 400M 3,905 1.38 53 59 73 94 53 62 74 85
B747-400D (Domestic) 2,729 1.04 36 39 47 65 30 36 43 51
Tipe/Jenis Perkerasan Bandara
Tipe/Jenis Perkerasan Bandara
 Potongan Melintang Struktur Perkerasan

Beton Aspal atau Beton Semen

Pondasi Atas, berupa agregat berbahan pengikat
(misalnya dengan aspal atau semen portland)
atau tanpa bahan pengikat
Pondasi Bawah, berupa bahan yang dibuat atau agregat alam
(Catatan: pada struktur perkerasan yg tebal, terdapat beberapa
Lapisan Pondasi bawah)

Tanah Dasar yang dipersiapkan, berupa material yang dipadatkan

di tempat

Tanah dasar asli

 Lapisan Permukaan
• Surface courses include portland cement concrete,
hot mix asphalt, sand-bituminous mixture, and
sprayed bituminous surface treatments
• Mampu memikul beban yang sangat besar.
• Tahan terhadap cuaca dan traffic.
• Menyediakan permukaan yang rata dan mampu
memberikan skid resistance.
• Terdiri dari beton aspal atau beton semen.
• Pada konstruksi perkerasan kaku terdapat tie bar dan
dowel yang berfungsi utk mengurangi terjadi retak
dan susut.
 Lapisan Pondasi Atas
• Berfungsi untuk mendistribusikan beban yang
diterima pada lapisan permukaan ke lapis pondasi
bawah
• Lapisan ini terdiri dari batu pecah yang tidak
diperbaiki (untreated) atau yang telah diperbaiki
(treated) → material semen, aspal, kapur atau yang
lainnya.
 Lapisan Pondasi Bawah
• Terdiri dari material dengan kekuatan dan harga lebih
rendah dibanding dengan material pondasi atas.
• Berfungsi mendistribusikan beban dari lapis pondasi
atas ke lapisan subgrade.
• Juga berfungsi sebagai subsurface drainage dan
mencegah terjadinya frost action pada lapis pondasi
atas.
Variables That Influence Pavement Performance
1. Load Variables
– Aircraft gross load
– Wheel load
– Number & spacing of wheel
– Tire contacts pressures
– Number of applications
– Duration of load application
– Distribution of lateral placement of load
– Type of load (static or dynamic)
2. Environment Variables
– Amount & distribution of precipitation (espicially rainfall)
– Ambient temperature
– Aircraft blast & heat
– Fuel spillage
3. Structural Design Number
– Number, thickness, & type of pavement layers
– Strength of materials
4. Construction Variables
5. Maintenance Variables
Bandara Kalimarau Berau, KALTIM
Flexible Pavement
 Flexibel Pavement Design Methods
• The CBR Method
• The FAA Method
• Pavement for Lightweight Aircraft
THE CBR METHOD
https://www.slideshare.net/jessvargas18/desain-perkerasan-di-bandara
https://www.slideshare.net/jessvargas18/desain-perkerasan-di-bandara
https://www.slideshare.net/jessvargas18/desain-perkerasan-di-bandara
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) METHOD
Annual Departures of
Design Aircraft
• Group all aircraft traffic into gear configuration of
design aircraft
• Convert all departures into equivalent annual
departures of the design aircraft (see table)
• Assume a load of 300,000 lbs and dual tandem for all
wide body aircraft
Convert all departures into equivalent annual
departures of the design aircraft
Maximum Take-off Weight (MTOW) Distribution
• Narrow body aircraft

• Wide body aircraft,

Treating each wide body as a 300,000-pound (136 100 kg)
dual tandem aircraft when computing equivalent annual
departures
 Wide Body Aircraft
• Airbus
– Airbus A300
– Airbus A310
– Airbus A330
– Airbus A340
– Airbus A350 (Estimated entry into service: 2013)
– Airbus A380
• Antonov
– Antonov An-225
• Boeing
– Boeing 747
– Boeing 767
– Boeing 777
– Boeing 787 (Estimated entry into service: 2011 with All Nippon Airways)
• Ilyushin
– Ilyushin Il-86
– Ilyushin Il-96
• Lockheed
– Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
• McDonnell Douglas
– McDonnell Douglas DC-10
– McDonnell Douglas MD-11
Main Gear/Landing Gear Configuration
 Tahapan Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Lentur
(FAA)
1. Dicari terlebih dahulu nilai CBR subgrade
2. Dicari gross aircraft weight (sebelumnya ditentukan terlebih
dahulu design aircarft)
3. Menghitung equivalent annual departures of the design
aircraft
4. Mencari tebal perkerasan berdasarkan grafik yg tergantung
konfigurasi main gear/landing gear dan nilai CBR yang
digunakan adalah CBR subgrade
5. Mencari tebal base course & surface course berdasarkan
grafik yg tergantung konfigurasi main gear/landing gear dan
nilai CBR yang digunakan adalah CBR subbase
6. Mencari teba subbase = hasil perhitungan (4)-hasil
perhitungan (5)
7. Mencari tebal base course = hasil perhitungan (5)-tebal
surface course (4-5inch)
Example
 Mean Gear Gear Equvalent Wheel Load
No. of Avg. Ann. Wheel Load Equiv. Depart. Design
Aircraft Gear type Distribution MTOW conv. dual gear Design aircraft
tire Dept (W2) aircraft (R1)
Fact. (%) factor depart (R2) (W1)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) = (5)*(7) (9)=(6)*((4)/100)/(3) (10)=aircraft design (11)=10^((LOG(8))*(W2/W1)^(0.5))

727-100 Dual wheel 4 95 3760 160,000 1.0 3,760 38,000 45,244 1,891
727-200 (Design) Dual wheel 4 95 9080 190,500 1.0 9,080 45,244 45,244 9,081
707-320B Dual tandem 8 95 3050 327,000 1.7 5,185 38,831 45,244 2,764
DC-9-30 Dual wheel 4 95 5800 108,000 1.0 5,800 25,650 45,244 682
CV-880 Dual tandem 8 95 400 184,500 1.7 680 21,909 45,244 94
737-200 Dual wheel 4 95 2650 115,500 1.0 2,650 27,431 45,244 463
L-1011-100 Dual tandem 8 95 1710 450,000 1.7 2,907 35,625 45,244 1,184
747-100 D Dual tandem 8 95 85 700,000 1.7 145 35,625 45,244 83
Total R1 16,242

𝑊2
log 𝑅1 = log 𝑅2
𝑊1
FAA Method
 21.5 in 54.6 cm 17.5 in 44.5 cm
4 in

cm
Surface 4 in
10 cm

17.5 in

99.06
=17.5-4
14 in
Base
=13.5
34 cmin

Tebal total
39 in

inch
Sub-base
=39-17.5
CBR 20% =21.5 in

39
Subgrade
CBR 6%
FAA PAVEMENT DESIGN → 150_5320_6d_part2
Tebal Minimum Base Course
 33 cm

Tebal
minimum
base course

(Sumber : Merancang dan

Merenanakan Lapangan 13 in
Terbang, Ir.Heru Basuki)
Bagaimana dgn Flexible Pavement???
PAVEMENT FOR LIGHTWEIGHT
AIRCRAFT
 Pavement for Lightweight Aircraft
• Pavements for light aircraft are defined as those
intended to serve aircraft with gross weights of less
than 30,000 lbs (13 000 kg).
• Aircraft of this size are usually engaged in
nonscheduled activities such as agricultural,
instructional, or recreational flying
Pavement for Lightweight Aircraft