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Tiroid
Tiroid
HISTOLOGI
Sintesis :
- Memerlukan ion Iodium
- Tersimpan dalam bentuk koloid
BIOSINTESIS
• TRAPS : pump / Iodide trapping / accumulates
iodida
• Iodination thyroglobulin :
mono & diiodothyronine
• Coupling / condensation T3 & T4
• Penyimpanan : disimpan dalam bentuk koloid
Tahap 2,3,4 memerlukan enzim peroxidase
THYROID SYNTHESIS
Controle of Thyroid Function
A. Hypothalamic-Hypophysial-thyroid axis
TRH
TSH
T3/T4
B. Thyroid autoreglation
inorganic iodida>> --inhibisi of thyroid release
organic iodida >> -- decrease in iodida up take
REGULASI SINTESIS T3/T4
TRANSPORT
1. Thyroxine binding protein
- TBG (thyroxine binding Globulin)
- TBPA ( Thyroxine binding Prealbumin)
- TBA (thyroxine binding Albumin)
0,05% free (unbound)
2. Tri iodothyronone bonding protein
99,5% bound to TBG
0,05% unbound (free)
Goiter : any enlargment of the
thyroid gland, does’t define
functional state
goitrogens: reduce thyroxin synthesis
increase TSH synthesis
• Perchlorate, Thocynate : block iodida
trapping
• Propylthiouracil, methimazole : block
coupling
• Iodide deficiency
• Excess iodide
EFEK UMUM HORMON TIROID
• Peningkatan BMR 60 s/d 100%
• Peningkatan pemakaian glukosa oleh sel
• Peningkatan katabolisme dan anabolisme
protein
• Peningakatan kecepatan pertumbuhan
(masa pubertas)
• Peningkatan aktivitas kelenjar endokrin
lain
• Aktivitas otak/mental
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS (1)
INCREASED CELLULER METABOLIC ACTIVITY
Increases Na,K-ATPase
increases namber of oxidative enzimes
increases AMP cyclic
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS (1)
INCREASED CELLULER METABOLIC ACTIVITY
2. Metab KH :
• fisiologis :
potensiasi dg insulin meningkatkan :
glikogenesis, ambilan glukosa oleh sel, pemakaian
glukosa (glikolisis),
Meningkatkan kortisol plasma glukoneogenesis
increased rate of absorbtion from the GIT
• INCREASES OF :
PROTEIN ENZYMES;
STRUCTURAL PROTEINS;
TRANSPORT PROTEINS;
INTRACELLULER SUBSTANCES.
• INCREASES FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY IN
THE BODY
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS (1)
INCREASED CELLULER METABOLIC ACTIVITY
prolaktin
ovulasi terhambat
INVERTILITAS
SINDROMA
HIPERTIROIDISME
HIPOTIROIDISME
MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
HIPOTHYROIDISME