essay published in La Solidaridad Madrid, Spain (July 15, 1890 – September 15, 1890)
Why did Rizal write this essay?
Rizal wrote this essay to defend the Filipinos from the charge that they were born indolent. Indolent Idle Lazy little love for work lack of activity CAUSES of the Indolence of the Filipinos 1. Wars the inhabitants of the Philippines were dragged to maintain the honor of Spain (thousands and thousands of Filipinos were sent but nothing was said if they ever returned to their homes.)
great diminution of the natives because
the governors got them as crews for the vessels they send out. 2. Piratical Attacks devastation of the terrible pirates Reduced more and more the number of inhabitants of the Philippines burned down the towns, captured and enslaved men disarmed and subjected to tributes so that they were left without the means to defend themselves 3. Attitude of the Friars At that time, the friars advised their poor parishioners: to stop work in the mines, to abandon their industries, to destroy their looms and pointing them that heaven is their sole hope
The friars told them that it is easier for a
poor man to enter heaven than for a rich man 4.Lessening encouragement to Labor Trade contact or relations between the Borneans, Siamese, Cambodians and Japanese nations were being cut off
The coast wide trade which was
flourishing before disappeared 5. Miserly return for one’s Labor (selfish, greedy, mean) Encomienderos reduced many to slavery compelled Filipinos to work for their benefit Made them sell their products at an insignificant price or for nothing or cheated them with false measures Treated them like slaves 6. Gambling The sugal (from the Spanish word jugar, to gamble) indicates that gambling was unknown in the Philippines before the Spaniards
Balasa – from the Spanish word
barajar, the introduction of playing cards 7. Fiestas Gave their contribution to large number of fiestas, lengthy masses, novenae, processions, rosaries
Filipinos were much less lazy before the
word miracle was introduced into their language 8. Curtailment of individual liberty (to cut off, to cut short, doubtful) Individual liberty is being cut off accused of being a filibustero (rebel) or a suspect Lack of confidence in the future Uncertainty of reaping the fruits of their labor 9. Apathy of the Government No encouragement, aid pertaining to commerce or agriculture The products coming from the Philippines were burdened with imposts and duties and have no free entry in the ports of the mother country and the consumption of the products are not encouraged Due to the fraudulent (dishonest, deceitful) manipulations of the Chinese, the Filipino industries were dying. 10. Ownership of the big estates by the friars the best estates, the best tracts of land in some provinces were in the hands of the religious corporations
the friars have deceived many by making
them believe that those estates were prospering because those were under their supervision 11. Lack of moral support
Absence of moral support
Absence of help from the government Chemist (competitive examination) Young man won a prize in a literary contest Education of the Filipino 12. Deprivation of human dignity the students have to contend with the daily preaching that lowers human dignity, gradually or brutally killing their self-respect
Priests who boldly declared that it is evil for
the Filipinos to know Castilian, that the Filipinos should not be separated from his carabao, and that he should not have any further ambition. 13. Feeling of inferiority Constant plucking (pulling, removing) of the soul Deadens the energy Paralyzes all tendency towards advancement 14. Vicious dressing of the intelligence and will “You can’t do more than old So and So!- Don’t aspire to be greater than the curate! You belong to an inferior race! You haven’t any energy.” They say this to the child; and as it is repeated so often, it has inevitably engraved in his mind and thence it seals and shapes all his actions. Ridicules with cruel sarcasm 15. Lack of an ideal for a good worker the Filipinos’ spirits were transformed according to the taste of the nation that imposed upon them its God and its laws INSTEAD: Ideal and prototype tanned and muscular laborer (who should have brought along with him the useful iron implements and the hoes to till the fields) BUT IT WAS AN: Aristocratic lord who brought along with him stamped papers, crucifixes, bulls and prayer books AS A RESULT: the imitative people became clerks, devout, prayer-loving, acquired ideas of luxurious and ostentatious living without improving correspondingly their means of subsistence. 16. Lack of national sentiment (expression of emotional ideas, feelings, etc.) Scarcity of any opposition to the measures that are prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative that will redound to their welfare Deprived of the right of association, therefore they were weak and inert (inactive, unmotivated, passive) Thank you!