S.Y.

2020-2021
Name: Llarena, A. L.
Grade/Strand/Section: 12 HUMSS – BCOO
Subject: Philosophy

Answer each question that follows 8-10 sentences.

1. Describe the relationship of reason, will, and action according to Aristotle’s point of view.

According to Aristotle, every action has its equivalent results or consequences. So the result
of our action would correspond if that action that we did is good or bad or morally correct or morally
incorrect. But in order for us to act, the reason is not enough for to do something. It is our will which
makes do something regardless of the action even if it is right or wrong. According to Aristotle that
the will is the instrument of free choice in which everybody can be good or bad or worthy or
worthless with their choices or decisions. Everything that we do has its results in which we are also
responsible for it. Our will to do something out of free choice usually roots within the awareness of
what is right or wrong, common perspective of every individual or human beings, the rule of rewards
or punishment, and having the thought of being praised or judged. So for example, I have a deadline
to meet on Friday and it is already Monday. I said to myself, “hmm, I still have a lot more time that
is why I am going to watch anime first and just do it tomorrow.” Until such time I kept on repeating
that to myself in which the deadline has arrived. I told my teacher I wasn’t able to pass because I
have to take care of my sick grandmother. Just to be able to extend the deadline, I lied which is
misuse of freedom.

2. How can humanity achieve peace according to Hobbes?

A law of nature or general rule formed by reason in which a person must do or forbids to do
which is destructive to the life on an individual. To preserve our lives and get out the desire to get
out the state of nature, we must seek peace according to Hobbes. This becomes Hobbes’ first rule of
nature. To achieve peace, the second law of nature is that everyone must seek peace mutually
removing the thinking to harm one another or anything that will hurt others. If everyone would be
willing to do so, we will have a peace-building community. The mutual transferring of these rights
is called contract which is called contract on the basis of concept of moral obligation and duty. And
lastly the third law of nature is to perform the covenant or the contract made. Without the third law,
the covenant or contract formed with one another would be meaningless. Words without action are
meaningless.