Engineering

Drawing and Design

Seventh Edition

Chapter 18
18-1 Designing for welding
The primary importance of welding is to
unite various pieces of metal so that
they will operate as a unit structure to
support the loads to be carried
Welding processes include arc welding,
gas welding, and resistance welding (40
total processes exist)
Gas & Arc Welding
Most common form is oxyacetylene welding
gets heat from the burning of flammable
gases. It is slow compared to other modern
welding methods so is used primarily for
repair & maintenance
Arc welding is the major industrial welding
process-heat is generated by an electric arc
struck between a welding electrode, or rod,
and the workpiece. The arc is hot and
melting and solidification of the weld metal
occurs rapidly.
Resistance welding
Widely used especially for mass
production work
Heat is created from resistance losses
as a high amperage current is sent
across a joint between 2 mating
surfaces
Plug welding
A plug weld refers to joining two pieces
by welding through a hold in one of the
pieces*
 WELDING DRAWINGS

TYPE OF JOINT APPLICABLE WELDS

FILLET J-GROOVE
PLUG FLARE BEVEL GROOVE
SLOT SPOT
SQUARE GROOVE PROJECTION
BEVEL GROOVE SEAM

BASIC WELDING JOINTS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

TYPE OF JOINT APPLICABLE WELDS

SQUARE GROOVE J-GROOVE
V-GROOVE FLARE V-GROOVE
BEVEL GROOVE FLARE BEVEL GROOVE
U-GROOVE EDGE FLANGE

BASIC WELDING JOINTS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

TYPE OF JOINT APPLICABLE WELDS

FILLET FLARE V-GROOVE

SQUARE GROOVE FLARE BEVEL GROOVE
V-GROOVE EDGE FLANGE
BEVEL GROOVE CORNER FLANGE
U-GROOVE SPOT
J-GROOVE PROJECTION
SEAM

BASIC WELDING JOINTS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

TYPE OF JOINT APPLICABLE WELDS

FILLET J-GROOVE
PLUG FLARE BEVEL GROOVE
SLOT SPOT
BEVEL GROOVE PROJECTION
SEAM

BASIC WELDING JOINTS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

TYPE OF JOINT APPLICABLE WELDS

PLUG EDGE FLANGE

SLOT CORNER FLANGE
SQUARE GROOVE SPOT
BEVEL GROOVE PROJECTION
V-GROOVE SEAM
U-GROOVE EDGE
J-GROOVE

BASIC WELDING JOINTS

The difference between Weld
symbol & Welding symbol…*
Weld symbol indicates  Reference line
the type of weld  Arrow
Welding symbol is a  Basic weld symbol
method of  Dimension and other
representing the weld data
on drawings. It  Supplementary
includes symbols
supplementary  Finish symbols
information & consists  Tail
of the following 8  Specification,
elements. process or other
reference
18-2 Welding Symbols
Tail of the symbol designates the
welding specification, procedures, or
other information used to make the
weld*
Letters designate weld & cutting
processes (Table 18-3)
A-2, SAW, process specifications all can
be found in the weld tail symbol*
Location significance of Arrow*
Arrow side- for fillet, groove, flanged
weld symbols the arrow connecting the
welding symbol reference line to one
side of the joint
Other side – the side opposite the
arrow side
Both sides
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELD TERMINOLOGY
Weld terminology
Leg
Face
Throat
Groove radius
Root opening (groove weld) is the space
between the pieces before welding*
Root face
Groove angle
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELD TERMINOLOGY
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELD TERMINOLOGY
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELDING SYMBOLS
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELD TERMINOLOGY
WELDING DRAWINGS

WELD TERMINOLOGY
 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

FILLET

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

SQUARE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

BEVEL
GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

V-GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

J-GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

U-GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

FLARE-
BEVEL
GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

 WELDING DRAWINGS

SINGLE DOUBLE

FLARE-V
GROOVE

FILLET AND GROOVE WELDS

Orientation of specific weld
symbols
Fillet, bevel-groove, J-groove, flare-
groove, corner-flange welds symbols
are drawn with the perpendicular leg
always to the left
Break in arrow-when only 1 member of
a joint is to be prepared, the arrow has
a break and points toward that member
figure 18-9
Location of weld symbol wrt
joint*
Welds on the arrow side of the joint are
shown by placing the weld symbol
below the reference line
Welds on the other side of the joint are
shown by placing the weld symbol
above the reference line
Welds on both sides of the joint are
shown by placing the weld symbol on
both sides of the reference line
Field welds & All around welds
All around welds
Field welds*
Weld extending
Not made in the shop or completely around a joint
at the place of initial is indicated by a weld-all-
construction around symbol placed at
Small black flag symbol* the intersection of the
is placed above and at reference line and the
right angles to the arrow
reference line Figure 18-11
Figure 18-10 Not required for welds
extending around the
circumference of a pipe
More about weld symbols….
Combined weld Finishing of welds
symbols figure 18- grinding(G)
12 Chipping(C)
Contours obtained Machining (M)
by welding
Rolling (R)
• Flat
Hammering (H)
• Convex
• Concave
Last slide on weld symbols
Multiple reference Tail of welding
lines indicate a symbol*
sequence of  Welding process
operations to be  Tables 18-3,18-4
done at a single  Omitted when no
location* references are
required
 WELDING DRAWINGS

COMBINED WELDING SYMBOLS

Design of welded joints
The size of the weld Full-strength fillet
should always be welds joining 2
designed with different thicknesses
reference to the size of material should
of the thinner be sized using a
member table of
Fillets welds are recommended full
cheaper and easier strength weld sizes
to apply than groove based on the thinner
plate*
WELDING DRAWINGS

FINISHING OF WELDS
18-3 Fillet Welds & weld symbol
(WS)
Dimensions of fillet If using a general
welds are shown on note giving fillet
the same side of the weld dimensions,
reference line as the dimensions may be
WS & to the left left off WS
Specify dimensions If dimensions differ
of fillet welds on from general note
both sides of a joint show them on WS
Vertical part of fillet Length of weld
weld symbol always shown to right of
on left* WS
More on fillet welds…
Staggered intermittent fillet welds are
designated in the weld symbol by
staggering where the weld symbol
appears on the reference line (p.652*)
Size of fillet welds
Table 8-5 p.651
A practical method to size fillet welds is
to design the weld for the thinner plate,
making it sufficient to carry 1/3 to ½
the carrying capacity of the plate.
 WELDING DRAWINGS

COMPARISON OF A CAST SHAFT SUPPORT

WITH A WELDED STEEL SHAFT SUPPORT
18-4 Groove Weld symbol
Dimensions of groove weld are shown on the
same side of the reference line as the welding
symbol
When both sides of a double-groove weld
have the same (or different) dimension, both
sides are dimensioned, however the root
opening needs to appear only once
When a general note governs dimensions of
groove welds, groove welds need not be
dimensioned on the weld symbol
Back and Backing welds
Back or backing weld symbols are used
to indicate bead-type back or backing
welds of singe-groove welds
The back weld is made after the groove
weld
The backing weld is made before the
groove weld
 WELDING DRAWINGS

APPLICATION OF BACK AND BACKING WELD SYMBOLS

18-5 Other basic welds
Plug
Slot
Spot
Seam
Surface
Flanged
Stud
 WELDING DRAWINGS

OTHER BASIC WELDING SYMBOLS

AND THEIR LOCATION SIGNIFICANCE