Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Life & Services

and
Two Nation Theory
1817-1898
 Sirsyed as Ambassador of
Hindo Muslim Brotherhood
 Speaking at the meeting he said :
“I look both Hindus and Muslims with the same eyes and consider
them as my own eyes. By the word “Nation” I mean only Hindus and
Muslims and nothing else. We, Hindus and Muslims live together on
the same soil under the same government. Our interests and
problems are common, and therefore, I consider the two group as
one nation.
 Speaking at meeting he said:
I am convinced now that Hindo and Muslims could never become
one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from
each other. So the Muslims have all the rights to establish
themselves as different nation than Hindo. Their right to safeguard
their rights in an India. This theory provided the basis of division of
United India into- two countries.
 Why Sir syed change his mind
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of two nation theory, used the
word ‘two nation’ for Hindo and Muslims after being convinced of
the Hindo and Congress hatred, and prejudice attitudes.
 Urdu-Hindi controversy was also a factor which changed Syed
Ahmed mind.
 He was the 1st Man who has the opinion that Hindo and Muslims
are two separate nations in subcontinent .
Before changing his mind his point view was:
 Two communities are like two eyes of beautiful land of India,
injury of one eye would make the land ugly.
After changing his mind his point of view:
 Two communities would never be able to join hands in anything as
whole .
ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL and

TWO NATION THEORY

(1877- 1938)
 Introduction
 Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet, thinker, philosopher, scholar and
politician.
 When Iqbal was born, it was the time of troubles for Indian Muslims.
 300 Years before the birth of Iqbal, his family embraced Islam.
 Iqbal’s grand father Shaikh Rafique used to sell Shawls.
 Shaikh Rafique had a son known as Shaikh Noor Muhammad
 Noor Muhammad was married . He has six children.
 Friday, November 9, 1877, Iqbal was born at Sialkot.
 Iqbal got his early education from Mission School and did his F.A. from Murry
College, Sialkot and B.A. from Islamia College, Lahore.
 Then he did his M.A. Philosophy from Islamia College, Lahore.
 From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal served as Lecturer (Philosophy) in Oriental College,
Lahore.
 In 1905, Iqbal went to Germany, where he did his Ph.D. in Philosophy.
 In 1926, Iqbal started his political career when he was elected as member of
Punjab Imperial Legislative Council (PILC).
 Two Nation Theory
 Allama Iqbal was also a strong believer of Hindu-Muslim unity
but Congress extremism force him to change his attitude.
 In 1930, Iqbal clearly discussed Two Nation Theory. He said:
 Islam is code of conduct and way of life. He clearly
advised Muslims to understand their position and
shed away their mental confusion. He considered the
establishment of Pakistan very essential and vital for
restoration of national and religious identity of the
Muslim because Muslim are separate nation and they
demand for separate state. He based the foundation of
homeland on the religion which later on become the
ideology.
 Muslims are Separate Nation
Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of one nation and said:
“Nations are based on religions not on territories. So we are
separate nation because we have our own ideology.
If British Government is interested to resolve Hindu-Muslim
conflicts then India should be divided into two states. He declared
India is continent of Human being belonging to different
languages and religions. To base a constitution on the conception
of homogeneous India is to prepare her for civil war. I, therefore,
demand the formation of consolidated Muslim state in the best
interest of Muslim of India and Islam. He also indicate the Muslim
majority areas for new Muslim state like KPK, Sindh, Baluchistan,
Punjab, Aasam and Bengal should be converted into one unit and
authority should be given to Indian Muslims.”
 MUHAMMAD ALI
JINNAH(1876-1948) and
Two Nation Theory
 Initial Life
Muhammad Ali Jinnah got his early education from Sindh
Madrassa-tul-Islam.
 In 1891, Jinnah was married to Sakeena bai. then Jinnah
went to England. He remained in England from 1891 to 1899.
After his arrival, he left Karachi and settled in Bombay. In
1906, Jinnah started his political career when he joined All
India National Congress. In 1913, Jinnah joined All India
Muslim League on the request of Mollana Muhammad Ali
Johar. In 1919, he became the President of All India Muslim
League. Up to the 1928, Jinnah was also true believer of
Hindu Muslim unity but Nehru report of 1928, was
dishearten Jinnah because he failed to bring miner
change in the Nehru report over the question of separate
electorate and seats for Muslim in the legislature.
 Life
 He presented 14 pointed after Nehru report in 1929 but
disappointed after Nehru report. Than left India and settled in
England. He remained in England from 1930 t0 1935. He
engaged himself in legal practice and represent Muslim in
roundtable conferences. Liaqat Ali khan persuaded him to return
to India when the constitutional changed were introduced. He
return to India in the beginning of 1935. When he come back to
India, congress was a far better organize than Muslim league.
Provincial Election were held under the act of 1935 in 1937. The
congress won election in 6 provinces in clear majority and
Muslim league desired to form coalition government with
Congress. The congress refused to accept Muslim league as
coalition partner in the government. This was another turning
point in the history of subcontinent.
 Jinnah Change his point of view
 Muslim of India were a disunited, displease and
hopeless mass of men and women. The Congress
decision of elimination of Muslim from ministries
extended gap between Muslim and Hindo. He had to
change his view point and declared that Muslim can
never get justice and fair play under Congress
government. Now Jinnah started campaign to reorganize
Muslim as nation. He gathered the Muslim on one
platform under one banner and give them unity. By 1939
he become a undisputed leader of Muslim community
then on March 23,1940 Muslim League passed Lahore
resolution for separate homeland for the Muslim of India.
 SUGGESTIONS OF NEHRU
REPORT
 1 . Ending of Separate Electorate.
2 . Ending of more Muslim Seats then Population .
3 . Refusal to give 1/3 Representation to Muslim in the
center .
4 . Hindi should be introduced as an official language
5-separation of Sind From (Mumbai)
6. Full provincial status should be given to N.W.F.P and
Baluchistan .
7 . Demand of Strong Central government .
 Two Nation Theory -Different
quotations of Jinnah as Speaker
“Now we on position, from where, if Indian Muslims are not consulted about the
future of India; then the proposals of British Govt. would not be run-able more than
weeks.”
In 1938, Jinnah said presided at Pattna:
“British Govt. wanted to rule India; while Congress wanted to rule Indian Muslims.
It would not be possible during our life.”

 In 1940, Jinnah presided at Lahore:

“The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social
customs and literature. They neither intermarry nor inter dine together and indeed
they belong to two different civilizations. So they are separate nation.”
“We did not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we wanted a
laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles.”
General Election 1945-46:
“Now Pakistan is our aim and we will reach there on every cost and every
condition.”
 Two Nation Theory
British rule start at 1857

Sirsyed
Start thinking about restoration of Muslim Image 1858

Iqbal
Start to plan for Muslim home land 1926

Jinnah
Start to implement plan of Muslim home land 1928