Activity 23

Diet for Renal

Disease
BSN II SECTION 3 GROUP 4
Objectives
1. Identify food items allowed
in individuals suffering from
renal disease and;
2. Plan and prepare meals for
patients with different
diseases affecting the
kidneys.

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 Renal Disease
 You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist.
 They are near the middle of your back, just below the rib
cage.
 Inside each kidney there are about a million tiny structures called
nephrons.
 They filter your blood.
 They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine.
 The urine flows through tubes called ureters.
 It goes to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to
the bathroom.
 Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons.
 This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes or
filter blood.
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Tips in Dietary Management
 Eat a diet low in salt
 A low protein diet maybe given depending on
the loss of kidney function during the acute
renal failure. Protein is the major source of
metabolic waste products.
 Restrict amount of water intake to the amount
of water loss.
 Take calories from carbohydrates and fats.
Include an abundance of fruits

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Case 1:Glomerulonephritis
Let’s start with the first set of slides
 Characteristics
༝ Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that
injure the part of the kidney that filters blood
(called glomeruli).
༝ Other terms you may hear used are nephritis
and nephrotic syndrome. When the kidney is
injured, it cannot get rid of wastes and extra
fluid in the body.
༝ If the illness continues, the kidneys may stop
working completely, resulting in kidney failure.

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Some symptoms include:
blood or excess protein
in your urine, which may
be microscopic and show
up in urine tests. high
blood pressure. swelling in
your ankles and face.
frequent nighttime
urination. bubbly or foamy
urine, from excess
protein. abdominal pain.
frequent nosebleeds.

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 Dietary Management
༝ eat a healthy diet with less protein,
potassium, phosphorus, and salt.
༝ get plenty of exercise (at least 1 hour a
day)
༝ drink less fluids.
༝ take calcium supplements.

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 Rationale
༝ Protein
༝ The digestion of protein results in the formation of
a waste product called urea. Normally, urea
travels through the bloodstream to your kidneys
where it is expelled from the body through your
urine. If you have glomerulonephritis, your kidneys
cannot remove urea from the blood properly.

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 Rationale
༝ Sodium
༝ Sodium helps regulate the amount of fluid in your
body. If your blood contains too much sodium, it
triggers your kidneys to retain water, which
increases your blood volume and can increase
your blood pressure. High blood pressure puts
excess strain on your kidneys, worsening your
kidney disease.

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 Rationale
༝ Potassium
༝ When kidneys fail, they cannot properly filter
excess amounts of potassium from the blood. If
potassium levels get too high, it can disrupt proper
muscle and nerve function, causing irregular heart
beat and even heart attack.

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 Rationale
༝ Fluids
༝ In the later stages of glomerulonephritis, you may
be placed on a fluid restriction. When your kidneys
are damaged, they cannot remove excess fluid
from your body. As a result, fluid can build up in
your body tissues, causing edema, which is a
generalized swelling from too much fluid. The
amount of fluid you are allowed to consume
depends on your level of kidney function.

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 Rationale
༝ Calcium supplements
༝ Calcium is supplied in the food we eat and from
calcium supplements. Vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone (PTH) help regulate how much calcium is
absorbed and how much calcium the kidneys
eliminate. Healthy kidneys turn vitamin D into an
active hormone (calcitriol), which helps increase
calcium absorption from the intestines into the
blood.

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Sample Dinner Meal for Glomerulonephritis
MEAL PATTERN MENU DIETARY CONDITIONS
SOUP Carrot Soup Take note not to use any
salt
MEAT Creamy baked salmon Avoid red meat
VEGETABLES Sauteed chopped cabbage Avoid kidney beans
RICE Brown rice Avoid cereals and bread

FRUIT/DESERT Cucumber Avoid avocados, raw fruits,

nuts and bananas
BEVERAGES Cranberry Juice Avoid carbonated and energy
drinks

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Case I1:Renal Calculi
Let’s start with the first set of slides
Characteristics

༝ Are solid masses made of crystals.

Usually originates in the kidneys,
however they can develop anywhere
in the urinary tract.
༝ Also known as Kidney stones

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Passing kidney stones can be
quite painful, but the stones
usually cause no permanent
damage if they're recognized in
a timely fashion. Depending on
your situation, you may need
nothing more than to take pain
medication and drink lots of
water to pass a kidney stone.
In other instances — for
example, if stones become
lodged in the urinary tract, are
associated with a urinary
infection or cause complications
— surgery may be needed.

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 Dietary Management
༝ Increase Fluid Intake
༝ Increase citrus intake
༝ Eat lots of calcium and vitamin D
༝ Limit salt
༝ Lower animal protein
༝ Plant based diet
༝ Avoid carbonated drinks
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 Rationale
༝ Increase Fluid Intake
༝ Fluids, especially water, help to dilute the
chemicals that form stones. Try to drink at least 12
glasses of water a day.

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 Rationale
༝ Increase Citrus Intake
༝ Citrus fruit, and their juice, can help reduce or
block the formation of stones due to naturally
occurring citrate. Good sources of citrus include
lemons, oranges, and grapefruit.

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 Rationale
༝ Calcium supplements and vitamin D
༝ Calcium is supplied in the food we eat and from
calcium supplements. Vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone (PTH) help regulate how much calcium is
absorbed and how much calcium the kidneys
eliminate. Healthy kidneys turn vitamin D into an
active hormone (calcitriol), which helps increase
calcium absorption from the intestines into the
blood.

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 Rationale
༝ Lower animal protein
༝ Many sources of protein, such as red meat, pork, chicken,
poultry, fish, and eggs, increase the amount of uric acid you
produce. Eating large amounts of protein also reduces a
chemical in urine called citrate. Citrate’s job is to prevent the
formation of kidney stones. Alternatives to animal protein
include quinoa, tofu (bean curd), hummus, chia seeds, and
Greek yogurt. Since protein is important for overall health,
discuss how much you should eat daily with your docto

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 Rationale
༝ Plant based diet
༝ Eat oxalates wisely. Foods high in this
chemical may increase formation of kidney
stones.
༝ Foods high in oxalate include:
༝ Chocolate, beets, nuts, tea, rhubarb, spinach,
swiss chard, sweet potatoes

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 Rationale
༝ Avoid carbonated drinks
༝ Cola is high in phosphate, another chemical which
can promote the formation of kidney stones.
༝ Reduce or eliminate added sugar intake
༝ Added sugars are sugars and syrups that are
added to processed foods and drinks. Added
sucrose and added fructose may increase your
risk of kidney stones.
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Sample Dinner Meal for Renal Calculi
MEAL PATTERN MENU DIETARY CONDITIONS
SOUP Cabbage Borscht Salted or canned meats, fish (sardines, herring, anchovies),
or poultry
MEAT Creamy baked salmon Eat home-prepared meals, using fresh ingredients, instead
of canned, frozen, or packaged meals.
VEGETABLES Sauteed chopped Avoid spinach
cabbage
RICE Red rice Avoid commercially prepared rice and noodle mixes
Salted breads, rolls and crackers
Salted popcorn and nuts

FRUIT/DESERT Frozen strawberries Avoid beets and nuts

BEVERAGES Lemon squeezed juice Avoid carbonated and energy drinks

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Case 111: Nephrosis
Let’s start with the first set of slides
Characteristics

༝ Any degenerative disease of the

kidney tubules, the tiny canals that
make up much of the substance of
the kidney. Nephrosis can be caused
by kidney disease, or it may be a
complication of another disorder,
particularly diabetes.
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Diagnosis is made
via urine testing for
the presence of
protein, blood testing
for lower-than-
normal levels of
protein, and
Place your screenshot here

observation
of edema. Treatment
usually involves use
of cortisone-like
drugs. Also known
as nephrotic
syndrome.
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 Dietary Management
༝ low to moderate protein intake
༝ A low-sodium,
༝ low fat,
༝ low cholesterol diet

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 Rationale
༝ Low to moderate protein intake
༝ High protein normally kept in the plasma to
leak into the urine in large amounts, which
reduces the amount of protein in your
blood. the blood loses its capacity to absorb extra
fluid from the body, causing edema when excessive
protein is released.

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 Rationale
༝ Low sodium
༝ Too much sodium through diet can cause further
fluid retention and salt retention, resulting in
uncomfortable swelling and hypertension. Because
this disorder can also cause high levels of fat in the
bloodstream, reducing your fat intake may prevent
cardiovascular disease

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 Rationale
༝ Low fat
༝ High amount of fats should be avoided as the
cholesterol and triglyceride levels tend to be high in
patients with Nephrotic syndrome. The diet must be
high in calories so as to conserve proteins, yet low
in fats. Excess of oily food and saturated fats (ghee,
margarine, etc) should be avoided.

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 Rationale
༝ Low cholesterol
༝ A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may also
be recommended to help control hyperlipidemia.
༝

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Sample Dinner Meal for Glomerulonephritis
MEAL PATTERN MENU DIETARY CONDITIONS
SOUP Tofu Soup Limit or avoid using seasonings with “salt” in the
name
MEAT Roasted Lamb Cook with healthy oils such as olive or coconut oil.
VEGETABLES Cauliflower Choose fresh vegetables or canned vegetables with
no added sodium or low sodium to reduce your
sodium intake.

RICE Brown rice Avoid cereals and bread

FRUIT/DESERT Cup of blueberries Avoid high fat food

BEVERAGES Soya Milk Prepare meals at home. Restaurant meals may have
a higher salt content.
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 “
I’d like people to know that you can
head off kidney disease, maybe prevent
transplant or stop the disease from
progressing after detection by doing a
simple urine test in the doctor’s office
-Sean Elliot
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Thank You!
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