THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BANANA ROOT

(Musa paradisiaca) JUICE IN TREATING

COCCIDIOSIS ON DOMESTICATED
CHICKEN (Gallus domesticus)

Prepared by:
Noel A. Machica
Oliver P. Salvacion
INTRODUCTION
 Poultry products are important economically in the
Filipino table. Improving its production is essential due to
economic demand.
There are problems encountered that caused the egg
and meat production to declined. One of these is caused by
Coccidiosis. This ptozoan parasite live in the Gastro Intestinal
Tract of the avian of any ages and may cause death in
severe condition causing to increase mortality of the flock.
That result to weakening the production.
Using Ethno-veterinary Medicine- Study concluded that
banana root juice can be used as replacement to
commercial coccidiostat.
OBJECTIVES
 Our general objective for this study is to compare the
effectiveness of banana root juice in treating coccidiocis.
We are also aiming to;
1. To know the life cycle of coccidia.
2. To know the clinical signs of infected animals.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
 This study is very important to those raisers who is
suffering from this problem. Instead of buying synthetic
medicine for treating coccidia, banana is always available
throughout the years and it could lessen the cost of
treatment for animals which is more beneficial for both
animals and humans.
it is also significant to the backyard raisers who are not
capable of buying commercial drugs.
It could also give information about coccidiocis and its
clinical signs, banana plants and its uses.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Ethnoveterinary medicine
According to Mathias et al.(1997), much effort is
needed in research and integration of the ethnoveterinary
practices. In many native and local stock raising
communities, considerable proportion of ethno-knowledge
and traditional animal health care practices remain
unknown. While ethnoveterinary practices can lead to their
validation and eventually to better animal health care
provision and enhanced living standard of the rural poor,
there is a notable scarcity of the studies of zootherapy in
ethnoveterinary medicine as cited by Confesor et al. (2009)
 BANANA
Doctor Vargas (2013), indicated in his thesis that
banana is often erroneously referred to as a tree, its a large
herb, with succulent, very juicy stem (properly “pseudostem”)
which is cylinder of leaf-petiole sheaths, reaching a height of
20 to 25 feet (6-7.5 m) and arising from a fleshy rhizome. In the
Philippines it is everywhere.
 COCCIDIOSIS IN POULTRY
Coccidiosis in poultry is an infestation of the intestines. It
affects weight gain and feed conversion and may cause
death to birds in severe condition.
Coccidiosis is common in chickens, turkeys and
pheasants, less common in geese, and rare in ducks.
The coccidia (the intestinal parasites) of one poultry
species do not cause disease in other species. Coccidia of
sheep will not infect chickens, nor will coccidia of chickens
infect sheep
 IMMUNITY

No immunity is passed from parent to progeny. After

recovery from an outbreak of coccidiosis, birds are usually
immune to further infestation by that species, but they may
still be infested by other species.
Resistance to coccidiosis usually develops after 14 to 16
weeks of age.
 LIFE CYCLE OF COCCIDIA
• Microscopic egg-like bodies called oocysts are passed in the
droppings of birds affected with caecal and intestinal coccidiosis.
• With moisture, warmth and exposure to air, the oocysts develop four
sporocysts. Each sporocyst contains two parasitic sporozoites. If a
sporulated oocyst is ingested by a bird, the tough protective wall of
the oocyst is digested and the sporozoites are released. These
penetrate the lining cells of the intestines.
• When a sporozoite has invaded a lining cell, it develops into a schizont
containing many minute parasites called merozoites. The merozoites
are released into the intestines by rupture of the schizont.
• Tissue damage, including rupture of capillaries, results in loss of blood.
The shock and the drastic interference with digestion causes weight
loss, poor feed conversion and often the bird will die.
• The life cycle is completed when male and female forms join and
develop into oocysts. The oocysts pass out with the droppings. They
may survive for months if protected from dissecation.
 SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS
Individual sick birds that droop their wings and lack
vigour are readily noted in flocks at the early stages of the
disease. Droppings may be tinged with blood.
On post-mortem examination, pin-point hemorrhages
are observed on the intestinal wall in the early stages of the
disease.
A thorough examination of intestinal smears under the
microscope will show oocysts or schizonts (or both).
A tentative diagnosis of the species of Eimeria involved
can be made by noting the location and appearance of the
small lesions.
 PREVENTION

• Two types of drugs (coccidiostats and coccidiocides) are

used continuously in the feed to prevent coccidiosis.
• A wide range of these drugs is available. The choice may
vary depending on whether the bird is raised for meat
(broilers), eggs (layers) or replacement breeding stock.
 SEVERAL FACTORS MAY CAUSE AN OUTBREAK OF
COCCIDIOSIS, EVEN IF A COCCIDIOSTAT IS PRESENT IN
THE RATION.
•Dilution of a balanced ration by the overfeeding of grain, grass and food
scraps. In this case, insufficient amounts of the drug are ingested.
•Restricted diet. When the ration arrives, greedy and bullying birds may
deprive other birds of feed. Water constantly medicated with a coccidiostat may
overcome this problem.
•Insufficient feeder space. Birds may not get a full quota of medicated feed.
•Poorly adjusted automatic feeders, affecting the distribution of ingredients.
•General management failures such as over-crowding, poor ventilation,
leaking drinkers and wet litter.
•Lighting programs which have not been arranged to ensure adequate feed
intake.
•An outbreak of another disease such as uraemia, that causes a lowered feed
intake. It is not uncommon in outbreaks of uraemia to find some affected birds also
have coccidiosis.
•Reduced feed intake during hot weather using a drug specifically for treating
clinical coccidiosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
 RESEARCH MATERIALS
A. Experimental animals C. anticoccidial drug F. Fecalcis
* Twenty • Toltrazuril • Mc Master
chickens. • Amporium counting chamber
B. For collection and D. Oocytes collection • Two beakers
extraction of banana • Used sacks • Stirring rod
roots
• Cup of noodles • Graduated
• Bolo cylinder
- serve as a
• Knife container • Triple beam
• Mortar balance
• Basin E. blood collection • Pipettes
• Pestle • Syringe • Floatation fluid
• Strainer • Gloves • Compound
• Vacutainer (EDTA) microscope
• Clean cloth
• Hematocrit tube • Stainer
• Syringe
 RESEARCH METHOD
A. Collection and extraction of pure banana roots
The collection and extraction of pure banana root juice
are as followed, the top soil around the rootstock of the plant
will be carefully remove to expose the superficial roots. The
roots will be cleaned and healthy root will be selected and
collected by cutting with a knife into the rootstock. The
collected root will be washed with tap water to remove soil
particle. It will be chopped into smaller pieces and crushed
using a mortar and pestle. The crushed root will be manually
squeezed. Then the extracted juice will be stored in tainted
bottle.
TIME AND PLACE OF
STUDY
 This study will be consuming 1 week preparation of all
materials, 3 to 4 months for treatment and data collection,
and 5 weeks for studying, presentation and publication. It will
be conducted on CBSUA poultry farm.
 ESTIMATED BUDGET TABULATION
Materials Estimated Budget
Laboratory animals P3,300
Feed costs P5,300
Treatment housing (battery P2,500
cage)
Net (free range) P1,500
Laboratory Supplies and fees P5,000

Total Estimated Budget P17,600

SCOPE AND LIMITATION
 This study focuses mainly on the effectiveness of
banana root juice in treating coccidiocis in chicken.
 STUDY DESIGN

Experimental design and treatment

Treatment 1 will receive amporium soluble powder.
Treatment 2 will receive toltrazuril and banana root juice will
be used in treatment 3.
 LAYOUT

Treatment Banana Root Toltrazuril Amporium

Number Juice
1

5
 TREATMENT 1 (AMPORIUM)
Amporium T1A1 T1A2 T1A3 T1A4 T1A5

Pre-
treatment
Evaluation
Administra
tion
Post-
treatment
Evaluation
 TREATMENT 2 (TOLTRAZURIL)
Toltrazuril T2T1 T2T2 T2T3 T2T4 T2T5

Pre-
treatment
Evaluation
Administra
tion

Post-
treatment
Evaluation
 TREATMENT 3 (BANANA ROOT JUICE)
Banana T3B1 T3B2 T3B3 T3B4 T3B5
Root Juice

Pre-
treatment
Evaluation
Administra
tion

Post-
treatment
Evaluation
 PRE-TREATMENT EVALUATION

Clinical signs will be evaluated using physical

appearance and behavior.
Manifestation of coccidia will be examined at CBSUA
hospital.
Observed clinical signs and FCB will be noted.
 ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS

Extracted fresh and pure banana root juice will be given

to the chicken via oral using 5ml syringe with single dose 3ml
per kg once a week for four weeks before feeding in the
morning. Commercial drugs will be given for 5 days with dose
indicated on the bottle.
 POST-TREATMENT EVALUATION

Clinical signs will be observe and examined repeatedly

for 14 to 16 weeks to determine whether the Eimeria spp. is still
present and also to determine the efficacy of banana root
juice compare to commercial drugs
STUDY CONCLUSION
•I there for conclude that banana root juice is essential for
killing coccidia in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.
•This is also conclude that commercial drug’s efficacy is
slightly earlier in banana root juice.
 LITERATURE CITED

• http://www.chickenvet.co.uk/health-and-common-
diseases/coccidiosis/index.aspx
• http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/PC_91839.html
• http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/6/diseases-of-
poultry/206/coccidiosis
• Doctor Vargas Thesis Copyrights@2013