COUNTER PROGRAMMING

❑ Timers can also be used as counters counting

events happening outside the 8051
➢ When it is used as a counter, it is a pulse outside of
the 8051 that increments the TH, TL registers
➢ TMOD and TH, TL registers are the same as for the
timer discussed previously
❑ Programming the timer in the last section also
applies to programming it as a counter
➢ Except the source of the frequency
❑ The C/T bit in the TMOD register decides the
source of the clock for the timer
➢ When C/T = 1, the timer is used as a
counter and gets its pulses from outside the
8051
▪ The counter counts up as pulses are fed
from pins 14 and 15, these pins are called
T0 (timer 0 input) and T1 (timer 1 input)
• One of the pins (if needed)P3.4(Timer0) or
P3.5 (Timer1) will be kept as Timer and the
other as Counter in either Mode0,1, or 2.
• The Steps followed is the same for Timer and
Counter. (If not specified set in Mode 1)
• The steps for programming Counter is same,
with initial value as 0000H.
Design a counter for counting the pulses of an input
signal every second on P3.4 and display the count value
on Port 1 and 2, XTAL =22MHz
• P3.4 – Timer0 (as Counter)
• Assume mode1
• P3.4-set as input pin
• We need a 1 sec timing to be generated and
this is done by using Timer1 in mode1.
• Max delay by Timer in Mode1=(FFFF+1)x
(12/XTAL freq)
• =0.0357 sec
• 0.0357x =1s
• x=28
• This is repeated 28 times to get 1 sec delay
• TMOD
• 00010101=15H
• Initial Value
• In counter =0000 (Timer0)
• In Timer =0000 (Timer1)
• ORG 0000H
• MOV TMOD,#15H
• SET B P3.4 - set P3.4 as input pin
• REP MOV TL0,#00H
• MOV TH0,#00H
• SETB TR0 -start counter
• MOV R0,#28
• AGAIN MOV TL1,#00H
• MOV TH1,#00H
• SETB TR1 - Start Timer
• WAIT JNB TF1,WAIT
• CLR TF1
• CLR TR1
• DJNZ R0,AGAIN
• CLR TR0
• MOV A,TL0
• MOV P2,A
• MOV A,TH0
• MOV P1,A
• SJMP REP
• END
• ORG 0000H • #include<reg51.h>
• sbit inpin=P3^4;
• MOV TMOD,#15H • void main()
• SET B P3.4 • {
• REP MOV TL0,#00H • unsigned char i;
• TMOD=0X15;
• MOV TH0,#00H • inpin=1;
• SETB TR0 • while(1)
• MOV R0,#28 • {
• TL0=0x00;
• AGAIN MOV TL1,#00H • TH0=0x00;
• MOV TH1,#00H • TR0=1;
• SETB TR1 • for(i=0;i<28;i++)
• {
• WAIT JNB TF1,WAIT • TL1=0x00;
• CLR TF1 • TH1=0x00;
• CLR TR1 • TR1=1;
• while(TF1==0);
• DJNZ R0,AGAIN • TR1=0;
• CLR TR0 • TF1=0;
• MOV A,TL0 • }
• TR0=0;
• MOV P2,A • P1=TH0;
• MOV A,TH0 • P2=TL0;
• MOV P1,A • }
• }
• SJMP REP
• END
Consider that a 1Hz external clock is connected to
8051. Write a program for counter0 in Mode1 to count
pulses and display the count value continuously on P2
and P1
• TMOD
• 00000101=05H
• MOV TMOD,#05H
• SETB P3.4
• MOV TL0,#00H
• MOV TH0,#00H
• SETB TR0
• AGAIN MOV A,TL0
• MOV P1,A
• MOV A,TH0
• MOV P2,A
• SJMP AGAIN
• MOV TMOD,#05H • #include<reg51.h>
• SETB P3.4 • sbit inpin=P3^4;
• MOV TL0,#00H • void main()
• MOV TH0,#00H • {
• SETB TR0 • inpin=1;
• AGAIN MOV A,TL0 • TL0=0x00;
• MOV P1,A • TH0=0x00;
• MOV A,TH0 • TR0=1;
• MOV P2,A • while(1)
• SJMP AGAIN • {
• P1=TL0;
• P2=TH0;
• }
• }