Landscape Planning

To generate pleasure in the mind of

users
 Design Landscape Planning
Purpose Pleasure
Material/components Natural
Performance Environments
Outdoor

Landscape Planning:
it is a design of environments , and art of act a predominantly outdoor space, which
predominantly natural material , which enhance the quality of external
environments, which should generate the pleasure in mind.

Landscape : anything that you can see in front of your eyes.

- a fixed frame view
- A panorama
- A predominantly nature and natural elements .
Landscape Planning:
purpose –
Material /Components
Performance
Application:- Scale, users, components, analysis, Abstruse

Category of Landscape Planning:

1st: - landscape derived more or less, directly form the natural habitat of region. Ex-
forest, desert, sea coast
-Raw, pure, original from nature ,

-2nd : produced by means alteration of natural habitat for his own use, generally
without concern for scenery as much .
-Ex: farmland replacing the original landscape with very different scenery of field and
crops.

Urban areas, industrial areas

3rd: landscape deliberately designed generally for pleasure

Ex: - park, garden, ( it can called amenities landscape)
 1st: Category of Landscape 1st: Category of Landscape

2nd: Category of Landscape

2nd: Category of Landscape
3rd: Category of Landscape
3rd: Category of Landscape
Who creates landscape first: - Nature
who creates next : the people
who creates next : The Landscape Planners
who creates next : the nature

Classification of Landscape

Natural landscape :
Hills, cliffs, desert, dunes, meadows, forest, oceans, river, streams, cannels,
lakes, ponds, trees, shrubs, creepers, ground cover,

Man made :
Road, Bridge, dam, rail.
Quantities classification:

Hard Landscaping:
Hills, cliffs, rocks, bridges, lamp post
Soft Landscaping :
Desert, dunes, meadows, forest, oceans, river, streams cannels, lakes

The benefits of Landscapes Planning:

•Environmental
•Health
•Recreational
•Educational
•Social
•Economics
Managements and maintenance:
•A landscape is not a once – only creation in inert material.
•It is a living conduction in constants process of change to a different state.
•If not growing, then of dying
•It has it own inherent pattern of survival which nature constantly resistant's, and for
any different design to survive, control is needed to check or reverse them.
•In most landscape design is concerned with vegetation which are essentially
unstable due to geographical and climate vegetation.
•Different layers of vegetations- such as flowers, shrubs, and trees as completely
different entities
•In fact there are mere separate in our disciplines ( in plant categories) than they
really are naturals

Landscape as priority :
•Urban landscape get a low priority in the development process.
•The primary reason lies in the complexity of assessments of the benefits against the
cost the society has to increase for the landscaping development and maintenance.
•Regional landscape gets further low priority.
How Much is Enough:
•Minimalist approach leading to sustainability.
•No Super limit is doing landscaping action in any domain
•Effort of doing extensive landscape may provide satisfaction to the designers as well
as users
•But it may generate a feeling of extravagant environments /attempt, this refusing the
objective of creating of the landscape and become cost- intensive in pre penalty.
•Environment benefits should be pre-condiction to the minimum levels of
landscaping that is to be attempted.

Environment- threshold
Landscape and site planning

Site investigation, analysis and appraisal

Site investigation:
investigation of site above and below
Research components
Objective
Purpose of project
Users
category
behaviors
principals

Analysis of the site :

Planning
Application/ implementation
Post occupancy evolution
Adjacency
Sequence
Transition
Experience
Landscape and Site Planning;

Site investigation, analysis, and appraisal

•Investigation of site above and below the ground

Research components
Objective
Purpose of project
Users – category, behaviors, principals

-Analysis of the site

-Planning]
-Application /implementation
-Post occupancy evolution ( P.O.E.)
-adjacency
-sequence
-transitions
-experience
Kinesthesia: pleasure of dynamic motion

exp

Expectation– transition -
Survey Technique: Appraisals:
Reconnaissance Survey
Physical land Survey •Inferences
Arial Survey •Criteria
Remotely Sensed Survey •Checklist

Investigation

1. Vicinity Analysis
2. Land use Analysis
3. Physical feature utilities, Service
4. Contour Analysis
5. Slope – Analysis
6. Hydrology – analysis
7. Drainage – Analysis
8. Global Base analysis
9. Soil Analysis
10. Agriculture analysis
11. Vegetation analysis
12. Climate analysis
13. Visual Analysis
14. Local Regulation and byelaws
Composition of Soil:
Composition

Water
21%
Minerals
37%
Air
21% organic
Soil Analysis: matter
Its Require Three information 21%

Soil type – ID (name)

Soil Structure- Bonding Character of soil
Soil texture-

Bearing Capacity
Vegetative Capacity
Slope limit for various function
s. no. Situation Gradient
Maximum Minimum
1 Parking area 1:20 1:100
2 Service area 1:20 1:100
3 Walk ways 1:25 1:100
4 Access to Building
- Longitudinal 1:10 1:100
- Cross slope 1:25 1:100
5 Play field
- tennis 1:80 1:220
-running track 1:100
-general play areas 1:100
6 Absolute minimum slope for
any hard surface 1:200
Any soft surface 1:100
Slope limit for various function

s. no. Situation Gradient

Maximum Minimum

7 Roads
-Major truck road 1:25
-public road ( longitudinal) 1:10
-private road 1:6
Ramps 1:10,1:12
8 Grassed Surface subjected to
mowing
Hand moving 1:1 1:100
Motor moving 1:1
Terrace outdoor moving 1:3
Sitting area 1:50
Criteria for Landform Design
1. Take account of the functioning of the land in future.
2. Design must take account of natural drainage pattern of the sites and its
surrounding areas.
3. Take account of topographical limitation imposed by natural forces.
4. Re- grading proposal must conform to levels of adjoining land common law
required.
5. Always attempts the maximum achievements of effects by the minimum of
soil.
6. Design should visual function relationship to the surrounding
7. Treatments of the surface should be conductive to propose and use of activity
area
8. Design must ensure that major service eg.- truck capacity lines, high tension,
electric line etc. are not disturbed.
9. Existing vegetation which are to be retained is not disturbed by raising of
lowering of site.
10. Design should take account of minimum and maximum slope criteria which
may be determined by the dominants natural topography and soil.
11. Except certain particular cases, design should be prepared with aim of
balancing the movements of materials within the site, such that, the amount
of cut and filling
Grading and Earth work Estimation
1. Design should be account of practical operating and economy, limitations of
machinery used for certain as well as maintenance.
2. Cut and fill cost should be same.
Technique of earthwork Estimation Dead man
1. borrow pit method.
2. Average end area method
3. Prismoidal method

Average height=

Average volume = height x area

Average End Area Method

V= (A1+A2) X L/ 2

Prismoidal method

A= (A1+4Am+ A2)/6

V= Average of A x Average height

Land suitability Analysis

1. Vegetation Cover
2. P.S.I. Dunes Characters
3. Whether it is develop before
4. Whether it is Historical before
5. Whether it is Forest Cover
6. It is low, mid, high
7. Take multiple criteria
8. Out of which we will decide waitage
9. ex- Soil bearing Capacity low means low value
Avenue Landscape
1. Harmonious group of plant to be selected and planted.
2. Trees to be spaced so as to allow its full matured shape
3. On narrow street , small scale trees are preferred
4. Trees to be permitted to receive at least 25% direct sun light exposure
5. Clean trunk to be consisted for plantation along footpath, pedestrian,
promenade
6. Form and flowering attributes may be guiding factors for selecting
plantation for continuous stretch.
7. Size and type be in relation to width of road
8. At junction visual clearance should be maintained.
9. Tree susceptible to heavy wind flow shall be planted away from
carriageway.
10. Fruit bearing trees should not be planted on busy traffic road
11. Use of featured trees is encouraged along window or entry
12. Non-decidus trees are to be planted at intersection to avoid skidding
13. Frequent pruning is desired to maintain appropriate shape .
14. Trees with weak branches not to be planted in dense residential area.
15. Under-story plants are desirable in case of large plantation at road
junction ,roundabouts.
Photoperiodism: How much times expose require to get sun-light exposes for trees
or plant.

Phototropism: if a trees is abstracted to sun-light, then trees try to bend toward

sun-light.