ARTIFICIAL EYE

( V ISUAL PROSTHETIC OR BIONIC EYE)

M A D E BY:
S.RASITHA.
C . PAV I T H R A
.
Content:
 Introduction
What is artificial eye?
History of artificial eyes
Working of eyes
 Visual system & Block diagram
Manufacturing device & working
Possible condition leading to an Artificial eye
Normal & Artificial visions
 Advantages & Disadvantages
Future scope & Conclusion
 Introduction
 In the current scenario, where over millions of people are affected by visual anomalities , it was
with a challenge that this project come in to being.

 It aims at restoring vision to the blind.

 Artificial Eye, which works through retinal implants ,could restore sight to the millions of people
around the world who suffer from degenerative eye diseases. This technology is still in its infancy, but
has progressed to human trials.

 This report aims to present a brief overview about the basic aspects of this technology and where
its headed.
ARTIFICAL EYE?

 An artificial eye is a
prosthesis which is used
to replace a missing or
damaged eye .

 In order to
accomplish the goal of
creating a visual
prosthesis , scientists
had to develop a camera
which could interact with
the brain by stimulating
the optic nerve.
 The history of Artificial Eyes
 Prior to world war 2,ocular prosthetics were made of specialized blown glass that
collapsed to from a concave shape.

 During and after world war 2 this glass became increasing difficult to obtain. soon,
acrylic and other plastic polymers were being used for many of the uses previously
exclusive to glass.

 An exciting use of this new material was for artificial eyes ,or ocular prosthetics .
Acrylic revolutionized the art and process of making ocular prosthetics.
Working of Eyes

 The light coming from an

object enters the eye through
cornea and pupil.

 The eyes lens converges

these light rays to from a
real, inverted and
diminished image on the
retina.

 The light sensitive cells of

the retina get activated with
the incidence of light and
generate electric signals.
 Visual system
 It features two mobile acquisition units each has formidable preprocessing
circuitry placed at a remote location from the central processing system(brain).

 Its primary task include transmitting images with a viewing angle of at least
140deg and resolution of 1arc min over a limited capacity carrier ,the million or
so fibers in each optic nerve through these fibers the signals are passed to the so
called higher visual cortex of the brain.
WORKING - DIAGRAM

LIGHT VIDEO MICRO RETINAL

RECIEVER
CAMERA CHIP IMPLANT

BRAIN NEURONS
 Manufacturing device
An artificial eye consists of
 Digital camera
 Microchip Radio
 Transmitter
 Radio receiver
 Retinal implant
 WORKING
1. Camera on glasses views image. .

2. Signals are sent to video processing

Microchip.
3. Processed information is sent back to
Receiver.
4. Receiver sends information to electrodes in
Retinal implant.
5. Electrodes stimulate retina to send
Information to brain.
 Possible conditions leading to an Artificial Eye
 ENUCLEATION - Removal of entire eye globe. An implant is placed in the tenons capsule to
replace volume lost due to eye removal. The four extra-ocular rectus muscles are attached to
the implant for motility.

 BLIND, PAINFUL EYE – Condition in which eye has no light perception (NLP) and is causing pain.
Enucleation is indicated to alleviate pain and avoid risk of sympathetic ophthalmia.

 TUMORS - Many type of cancers can affect the different structures of the eye. If treatment is
unsuccessful in removing the tumor , enucleation is typically indicated.
 NORMAL&ARTIFICAL VISION
NORMAL VISION
Begins when light enters and strike
on photoreceptor cells. These cells
convert light to electric impulses that
are sent to brain via optic nerves.
ARTIFICIAL VISION
The camera captures images and
sends to retina implant .It stimulates
neurons .The stimulated neurons send
information to brain via optic nerves.
 ADVANTANGES
 Ability to perform visual tasks demonstrated in many patients.

 Upgradable external hardware and software to benefit from future

innovations.

 The brain has an amazing ability to adapt to new input and to

improve his or her understanding of what is being “seen” via an
artificial vision system.
 DISADVANTAGES
The cost of device is too high($1500)
Its is difficult to acquire this technology by common
man.
Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got
damaged.
 CONCLUSION&FUTURE SCOPE
1) The application of the research work done is directed towards the
people who are visually in impaired.

2) People suffering from low vision to, people who are completely blind
will benefit from this project.

3) The findings regarding biocompatibility of implement material will aid

in other similar attempts for in human machine interface.
 THANK YOU
.