Dewatering

Dewatering
• Dewatering is the process of removing water from an excavation.
• This method is often used for placing pipelines in areas with high
groundwater levels.
Soil Permeability
• Dewatering methods depends on the nature of the excavation and the permeability of the
soil.
• Soil Permeability is the measure of indicating the capacity of the soil/rock to allow fluids to
pass through.
• It has been found that the diameter of the soil particle which is smaller than 90% of the
soil’s grain Is an effective measure of soil permeability.
Wellpoint Systems

• Well point is commonly used to identify each well in a dewatering system, consisting
of a number of closely spaced wells. In sandy soils, the usual procedure is to jet the
well point and riser into position.
Vacuum wells
• Vacuum wells are wellpoints that are sealed at the surface by
placing a ring of bentonite or clay around the well casing
Electroosmosis
• Electroosmosis is the process of accelerating the flow of water through asoil by the
application of a direct current.
• Although the phenomenon of electroosmosis was discovered in the laboratory early in the
nineteenth century,itwas not applied to construction dewatering until 1939
Pressure Grouting
Pressure Grouting
• Grouting or pressure grouting is the process of injecting a grouting a gent into soil
or rock to increase its strength or stability, protect foundations, or reduce
groundwater flow.
• Grouting of rock is widely employed in dam construction and tunneling
• Common grouting patterns include blanket grouting, curtain grouting, and special
grouting
Blanket grouting
• covers a large horizontal area, usually to a depth of 50 ft (15 m) or less.

Curtain Grouting
• produces a linear deep, narrow zone of grout that may extend to a depth of
100 ft (30 m) or more.
• It is commonly employed to form a deep barrier to water flow under a dam

Special Grouting
• is grouting employed for a specific purpose, such as to consolidate rock or soil
around a tunnel, fill individual rock cavities, or provide additional foundation
support.
Injection Method

• drilling a hole and then inserting an injector pipe equipped with expandable seals (
packers)into the hole
• then injected at the desired depths
• Methods for injecting grout into soil include driving an injector pipe into the soil, placing a
sleeve port tube into the soil, and jet grouting