TRACK and

FIELD
GROUP 3
 What is Track
and Field?
A various
competitive athletic
events (such as
running, jumping,
and weight throwing)
performed on a
running track and on
the adjacent field.
 What is Track
and Field?
Track & Field within
athletics can be
broken down into 3
categories – running
equipment,
throwing equipment
and jumping
equipment .
Materials or
equipments used in
track and field
Running Equipment

All running races

start from a specific
position on the track.
• To improve an
athlete’s starting
speed, Starting
Blocks are often used
to position the athlete
correctly to maximize
performance.
 Running Equipment
• To ensure that the competing
athletes all start at the same time,
officials equipment such as a
Starting Pistol is commonly used
to identify the start of the race.
• At higher levels of competition,
stadiums will use lane markers, a
starters rostrum, electronic timing
systems plus other pieces of
officials equipment to further
regulate the competition .
Running Equipment
• In a specific track
event that combines
the skill of running with
the ability to jump over
stationary objects,
Hurdles are used.
• Hurdle heights range
anywhere between .84
meters for women’s
events to 1.067 meters
for men’s events
Throwing Equipment
There are 4 throwing events in track and field,
the Javelin throw, Discus throw, Shot
Put and Hammer Throw.
Javelin - I t m i g h t s e e m j u s t l i k e a l o n g s t i c k w i t h a
pointy end, but track-and-field regulations specify that
the javelin weigh between 400 and 800 grams, with a
minimum length of 750 millimeters and a maximum length
of 1060 millimeters. Rules stipulate that the javelin must
be made of metal or other similar material, with three
main parts: the head, shaft and cord grip to aid the
player in throwing.
Throwing Equipment
Shot Put
The shot put is an event that requires
players to throw a large metal ball as far as
possible down the field. The ball, known as the
“shot,” is made of solid metal and may have a
latex covering on the outside to assist
competitors with their grip. For men’s
competition, the shot weighs 7.26 kilograms.
For women, the shot weighs 4 kilograms
Throwing Equipment
Discus Throw - The discus event features the
use of a rounded disc, challenging competitors
to see who can throw the object the farthest.
The discus must be made of wood or similar
material with a metal rim, and may be either
solid or hollow. The weight specifications
range anywhere between .75 and 2 kilograms.
Hammer Throw – the same as discus throw
but with the use of a 16 -pound metal hammer
thrown on a distance.
Jumping Equipment
We can further sub categorize jumping
equipment into vertical jumping equipment and
horizontal jumping equipment.
• Vertical jumping covers both High Jump
and Pole Vault where an athlete tries to
jump the maximum height in competition
with other jumpers. Pole vault is slightly
more technical than any other jumping event
and vaulting poles are very specific to an
individual athlete’s needs.
Jumping Equipment
• Horizontal jumping covers both long jump and
triple jump which use the exact same jumping
equipment although set up slightly differently.
Both events use a runway in which an athlete
builds up speed prior to ‘taking -off ’.
• Within this runway is a take -off board or quite
often a series of take -off boards. Only one can
be used at any one time and the remaining
boards can be covered with a blanking board.
Jumping Equipment
• Following take off, an athlete hopes to achieve
maximum horizontal distance and will land within
a sandpit.
• The jump is measured from take -off board to the
closest indentation within the sand following the
landing. At all levels of any competition in
throwing and jumping, the competition must be
measured and we offer a wide range of officiating
and measuring equipment to meet your quality
and budget needs.
 14
MARGIE'S TRAVEL

Court
Measurement
M
Standard competition layout
This diagram recommended
by the IAAF as Standard
Competition Area.
The field events are evenly
distributed over the arena to avoid
congestion and to satisfy the needs
of the spectators.
This layout avoids undue disruption
of events by ceremonies and
counterbalances the concentration
of interest in the finish area.
 The competition area for track
events includes the following:
1. Oval track with at least four lanes
and safety zones measuring no less
than 1m on the inside and outside.
2. Straight with minimum of six
lanes for sprints and hurdles.
3. Steeplechase track as for oval
track with a permanent water jump.
4. There are three basic types of
track surface —synthetic, unbound
mineral (cinder) and grass.
400m standard track
The 400m Standard Track
(the Track) has straight and
curved sections of almost equal
length and uniform bends which
are most suitable to the running
rhythm of athletes. Furthermore,
the area inside the track is large
enough to accommodate all
throwing events and also a
standard football (soccer) pitch
(68m x 105m).
Rules and
Regulations
 General Rules and Modifications
for Track Events
1) In running events: 100m, 200m, 400m, 4x100m
Relay, the athletes have the option of using or not
using blocks. In these events the commands of the
starter shall be “on your marks”, “set”, and when all
competitors are steady, the gun shall be fired.
2) In all other running events, all walking events
and all wheelchair races the commands shall be “on
your marks” and when all the competitors are
steady, the gun shall be fired. A competitor shall
not touch the ground with his/her hand(s).
 General Rules and Modifications
for Track Events
3) The starter may give the commands in English
or his/her own language.
4) Starting races longer than 400 meters:
a) 800 meters distance: Runner will run in the lanes
through the first turn as far as the nearer edge of
the breakline where athletes may leave their
respective lanes.
b) 1500 meters and greater distances: A waterfall
start shall be used.
 General Rules and Modifications
for Track Events
6) The starter shall give each competitor a chance
to do his/her best by: a) Giving the competitors
ample time to settle down after taking their
marks; b) Starting the sequence over if any runner
is off-balance; and c) Not holding the runners too
long after the set command.
7) False Starts – Only one false start per race
shall be allowed without the disqualification of the
athlete responsible for the false start. Any athlete
responsible for further false starts in the race shall
be disqualified.
 Lane Violations
1) In all races run in lanes, each competitor shall
keep within his/her allocated lane from start to
finish.
2) If a competitor is pushed or forced by another
person to run outside his/her lane, and if no
material advantage is gained, the competitor should
not be disqualified.
3) If an athlete either runs outside his/her lane in
the straight or runs outside the outer lane on the
bend, with no material advantage thereby being
gained, and if no other runner is obstructed, then
the competitor shall not be disqualified.
 Race Walking
1) Athlete must have one foot in touch with the
ground at all times
2) In all race walking events, an athlete does not
have to have a straight advancing leg while
competing.
3) In race walking events, up to and including the
400 meters, the competitor shall be disqualified
with no prior warning when, in the opinion of two or
more officials, a technical violation has been
committed that results in an advantage being
gained.