Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BEHAVIOR II
DR.PARUL YADAV
Unit I: Groups Dynamics and Teams
Groups: Meaning and Definition; Why People join Groups; Types of Groups –
Formal Groups and Informal Groups; Characteristics of groups: Composition,
size, status hierarchy, norms, group cohesiveness, size, leadership; Stages of
Group Formation: Tuckman’s Five Stage Model; The Punctuated –Equilibrium
Model; Teams: Meaning and Definition; Nature of Teams; Benefits of Teams;
Differences between Groups and Teams; Types of Teams – Problem-Solving,
Self-Managed, Virtual Teams and Cross-Functional Teams; Team-effectiveness
Model
CLASSIFYING GROUPS
Goal Power
Accomplishment
Group Team
Common
Threads
Two or more
interdependent individuals
who influence one
another
TUCKMAN’S FIVE-STAGE
MODEL OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
• FORMING: Initial stage marked by uncertainty and
even confusion. Group members are not sure about
the purpose, structure, task or leadership of the
group.
• STORMING: Is characterized by conflict and
confrontation. It is an emotionally charged state.
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CHARACTERISTICS / PROPERTIES
OF GROUPS
• Work groups are not unorganized mobs; they have
properties/characteristics that shape members’
behavior and help explain and predict individual
behavior within the groups as well as the
performance of the group itself.
CHARACTERISTICS / PROPERTIES
OF GROUPS
Composition
Status
Size
Hierarchy
Roles Cohesiveness
Norms
GROUP PROPERTIES—COMPOSITION
Role(s)
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to
someone occupying a given position in a social unit
Role Expectations
How others believe a person should act in a
given situation
Role Perception
Our view of how we’re supposed to act in a given
situation is a role perception.
GROUP PROPERTIES—NORMS
Norms
Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are
shared by the group’s members
Classes of Norms
• Performance norms
• Appearance norms
• Social arrangement norms
• Allocation of resources norms
• Conformity: As a member of a group, you desire
acceptance by the group. Thus you are susceptible
to conforming to the group’s norms.
Small Group
Medium Group
Large Group
GROUP PROPERTIES—SIZE
• GROUP COHESIVENESS
• The degree to which members are
attracted to a group and share the group’s
goals
• Highly cohesive groups are more effective and
productive than less cohesive groups when their
goals align with organizational goals
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
COHESIVENESS AND PRODUCTIVITY
Cohesiveness
High Low
Let’s stay
beside each other
no matter what the differences.
Work Team
A group whose individual
efforts result in a
performance that is
greater than the sum of the
individual inputs
• Work Team – a group of people with
complementary skills who are committed to a
common mission, performance goals, and
approach for which they hold themselves mutually
accountable.
COMPARING WORK GROUPS AND WORK
TEAMS
GROUP VERSUS TEAM DIFFERENCES
Formal Work Group Team
Works on common goals Total commitment to common goals
Accountable to manager Accountable to team members
Skill levels are often random Skill levels are often complementary
Performance is evaluated by leader Performance is evaluated by members as
well as leaders
Culture is one of change and conflict Culture is based on collaboration and
total commitment to common goals
Performance can be positive, neutral, or Performance can be greater than the sum
negative of members’ contribution or synergistic
(e.g., 1 + 1 + 1 = 5)
Success is defined by the leader’s Success is defined by the members’
aspirations aspirations
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE
TEAMS
TYPES OF TEAMS
Problem-solving Teams
Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the
same department who meet to
improve quality, efficiency, and the
work environment
Cross-Functional Teams
Employees from about the same hierarchical level,
but from different work areas (production,
accounting, marketing, etc.), who come together to
accomplish a task
• To improve coordination with cross-functional
teams, organizations can carry out five steps.
• (1) choosing the membership carefully
• (2) clearly establishing the purpose of the Team
• (3) ensuring that everyone understands how the
group will function
• (4) conducting intensive team building up front so
that everyone learns how to interact effectively
• (5)achieving noticeable results so that morale
remains high and the members can see the impact
of their efforts
TYPES OF TEAMS (CONT’D)
Virtual Teams
Teams that use computer
technology to tie together
physically dispersed
members in order to
achieve a common goal