Types & Techniques of

Tracheostomy
 Types of Tracheostomy
• Emergency

• Elective or tranquil

• Permanent

• Percutaneous dilatational
• Mini tracheostomy (cricothyroidotomy)
 Emergency

• Airway obstruction is complete or almost complete

• Intubation or laryngotomy are not possible or feasible

in such cases
 Elective

• Therapeutic – to relieve respiratory obstruction,

remove tracheobronchial secretions, give assisted
ventilation
• Prophylactic – to guard against anticipated
respiratory obstructions or aspiration of blood or
pharyngeal secretions
 Permanent

• Bilateral abductor paralysis or laryngeal stenosis

 Techniques
• Position :
Patient lies supine with pillow under the shoulders
so that neck is extended.
This brings the trachea forward
• Anaesthesia :

Unconscious patients or during emergency

procedure - No anaesthesia is required

 Conscious patients - 1-2% lignocaine with

epinephrine is infiltrated in the line of incision and
area of dissection. Sometimes GA with intubation
is used.