CANCER

AWARENESS &
SCREENING
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Rtn. Dr.S.R.Srinivasa kannan

Govt to make screening of
Oral
cervix and
breast cancer mandatory for 30+

From November 2016

 cancer screening?

Checking for cancer

in a person who does not
have any symptoms
is called screening.
 Cancer Screening &
Prevention

Screening recommended for

• Breast
• Cervix
• Colon & rectum
• Oral…….
• ++
Modalities for early detection of
breast cancer
• Awareness – Pamphlets, Meetings in colleges,
SHG meet etc.
• Self examination
• Clinical breast examination
• Awareness
• Self examination – Video available-
From age 20- Absolutely free.
Once a month after the menstrual period,
• Clinical breast examination
• Awareness
• Self examination
• Clinical breast examination- once in 3
years for women in their 20s and 30s and
every year for women 40 and over.
 ++
• Ultrasonography / Mammography
• Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
• Core biopsy
• Triple diagnosis
 Triple diagnosis
• Mammography

• Ultrasonography

• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosing palpable

lumps or Lumps seen under scan/Mammogram - Guided
FNAC

• If any of the three modalities suggests cancer, excisional

biopsy warranted

• Cost involved is HIGH

Mammography for
Women aged 40 to 49 years
– Personnel Choice

Annual / biannual screening to women aged

≥50 years to 74.

…. continue as long as a woman is in good

health.
Screening for Colon
& Rectal Cancer

• Fecal occult blood test

• Once a year after 50

Screening for Cervical
Cancer
COLPOSCOPY
Colposcopy is the examination of the cervix & vagina with a
magnifying instrument

after the application of vinegar (acetic acid) to the cervix.

13
Screening for Cervical
Cancer

• Papanicolaou (Pap Test)

PAP Smear
 Sampling of cervix

 Scraping of cervical surface and a portion of

non visualised cervical canal

 Using various sampling devices

Significance of Pap smear
 Detect precancerous & invasive cancer cervix cases
in early stages

 Positive screeners can be selected for selective tests

and management

 With treatment, progression of disease is halted. Thus

morbidity associated with advanced cancer
decreases

 Mortality reduces by 20-60 %.

Liquid Based Cytology

 Several slides can be prepared from one smear

 Chlamydia, HPV testing can be done at later date

 Reduces the incidence of inadequate and repeat smears

Pap

• Conventional cytology
• Liquid-based monolayer cytology

• Once in two/three years, three years after

marriage.
GOI guidelines
• A private room
• 30-50 women can be screened in a day.
• To be Performed by a medical officer
• Visual Inspection after Application of Acetic Acid
(VIA) test
• Biopsy from suspicious areas.
Preparing for a Pap test
• For 48 hours before the test:
• Do not douche
• Do not have sexual intercourse
• Do not use vaginal medicines (except as directed by
doctor), birth control foams, jellies, or creams

• 0-20 days after the first day of menstrual period.

• A 2min procedure
Cancer screening Patterns

•Population-based screening: offered

systematically to all individuals in the

defined target group

• Opportunistic screening: offered to an individual without

symptoms of the disease when they present to a health care

practitioner for reasons unrelated to that disease.

Barriers to Cancer Screening &
Early Detection
• Fear of cancer
• Lack of knowledge
• Modesty
• Communication
• Beliefs around illness
•Awareness camps for college
students
Giving seminars
Distributing pamphlets

•Conducting general awareness Programs at

RCCs, SHG meets, Religious meets etc in
villages.
•Pamphlets can be distributed at any area
where public will be present in sizeable
numbers like bus stand, railway station etc.
utilizing the services of Rotaractors

•Posters and Hoarding can be placed at

important public places
Each club must conduct at least one
cancer detection camp and

3 awareness camps in rural areas.

We have to arrange for Pap smear

FNAC
Mammogram
Oral…..
 Catch & Use
•
•Local Family Doctors
•Gyanecologists
•Surgeons
•Pathologists
•Dentists
•Scan centres
•Van facility
Rtn. Dr.S.R.Srinivasa kannan