SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Lovely Pamela T. Serran

Graduate School
Rizal Technological University
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Developed in the last quarter of the 20th century.
Apparently coined already in 1939 in the title of an
article by Thomas C. Hodson, ‘Sociolinguistics in India’
in Man in India (1939).
First used in linguistics by Eugene Nida in the second
edition of his Morphology (1949),
But one often sees the term attributed to Haver
Currie, who himself claimed to have invented it
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 Sociolinguistics to language field in relation with society

1930s
1900s Indian & Japanese linguist studied
Gauchat in Switzerland social aspect of language 2000s

Basil Bernstein in the U.K

William Labov in the U. S
1960
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Sociolinguistics to language field in relation with society
CODE THEORY
• He is the greatest sociologists,
most controversial and significant
contributor of the 20th century.
• His theory of Language codes
examined the relationships
between social class, family and
the reproduction of meaning
systems.
• He distinguished between the
restricted code of the working
class and the elaborated code of
the middle class.
VARIABILITY CONCEPTS
• He is widely known as the founder of
quantitative Sociolinguistics.
• He introduced the quantitative study of
language variation and change
• He explained that all linguistic variations
caused by the involvement of social
factors
• He illustrated the relevance of social
determinants of linguistic variations and
their correlations with the social structure.
He proposed a social approach to
language through his sociolinguistic model
in which the linguistic theorization was
linked with the society Your Logo or Name Here 4
 About Us
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Sociolinguistics by Other Linguist

Spolsky (2010) Bell (1976) Hudson (1996) Wardhaugh (2010) Van Dijk (2009)

the study of the link a branch of a study of the relationship the study of stylistic and the study of language in
between language and anthropological linguistics between language and social variation of relation to its socio-
society, of language that examines how social factors such as language. cultural context
variation, and of attitudes language and culture are class, age, gender and
about language related, and how ethnicity
language is used in
different social contexts
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Nature of Sociolinguistics

Trudgill (2000) Gumperz (1971) Holmes (1992)

the study of the effect of is an attempt to find as the study of “the

any and all aspects of correlations between relationship between
society, including cultural social structure and language and society.”
norms, expectations, and linguistic structure and to
context on the way observe any changes that
language is used. occur.

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Nature of the relationship between language and society
Trudgill (2000)
is that part of linguistics
which is concerned with
language as a social and
cultural phenomenon. It
investigates the field of
language and society and
has close connections with
the social sciences,
especially social
psychology, anthropology,
human geography and
sociology.”
Fishman (2001) Chambers (2002)
“Sociolinguistics is the study of
“Sociolinguistic
the social uses of language, and
perspective has enabled
the most productive studies in the
researchers to
four decades of sociolinguistic
document and to
research have emanated from
measure a hereto
determining the social evaluation
overlooked type of
of linguistic variants. These are
variation in language
also areas most susceptible to
use and language
scientific methods such as
behavior.”
hypothesis formation, logical
inference, and statistical testing.”
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SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
-a field of study which investigates the
relationship between language and
society with the objective of a better
understanding of the structure of
language and how languages function
in communication.
-“Sociolinguistics is ‘the study of
language in relation to society”
Hudson (1996)
-the study of society in order to find
out as much as we can understand
about what kind of thing language is.
SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
-the goal is to discover how social
structure can be understood through
the study of language.
-“Sociology of language is ‘the study
of society in relation to language.”
Hudson (1996)
-The reverse direction of our interest.
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SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
-throws light on the effect of the society on
language.
-helps to understand the structure of language
and its function in society
-examines the influence of social structure on the
way people use language. It also concentrates on
how language varieties and patterns of language
use correlate with social attributes such as social
class, gender/sex and age
SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
-language focuses on the society
-tries to discover how social structure can be
better understood through the study of
language.
-“Sociology of language examines the interaction
between the use of language and the social
organisation of behaviour. the sociology of
language focuses upon the entire gamut of topics
related to the social organisation of language
behaviour, including not only language usage per
se but also language attitudes and overt
behaviours toward language and toward
language users” Fishman (1997) Your Logo or Name Here 10
 DIALECTOLOGY AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Chambers and
Trudgill (2004:187-
188):
“Dialectology has contributed
to the emergence of sociolinguistics,
and each discipline completes the
other, as for all their differences,
dialectology and sociolinguistics
converge at the deepest point.
Both are dialectologies, so to
speak: they share their essential
subject matter. Both fix the attention
on language in communities.
Prototypically, one has been centrally
concerned with rural communities and
the other with urban centres
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DIALECTOLOGY AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Traditional Dialectology Modern/ Social Dialectology
In the 1950s language studies were based on have turned their
collecting linguistic data. attention to social dialects, language
variation and language change,
Dialectologists collected data in order to Focus in geographical distribution of
study the geographical distribution of different accents and dialects to the
linguistic items, in what they called regional investigation of
dialects social factors such as age, gender and
position in society
Regional dialects focusing on rural areas and emphasizes the study of
so-called NORMs: non-mobile, older, and variation in speech according to social
rural males. variables, often concentrating on a few
selected features; it is called social
dialectology Your Logo or Name Here 12
DIALECTOLOGY AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Traditional Dialectology Modern/ Social Dialectology
generally aimed at producing taking into account the various
dialect maps, dictionaries and social
atlases, dimensions
Few population of old people, in the
rural areas and male complexities of large urban areas,

does not correlate linguistic demonstrates the relation

variation with non-linguistic between linguistic variables and
variables, social ones such as age, gender,
social class, ethnicity
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 Language Varieties
The term language “is used to refer either to a single
linguistic norm or to a group of related norms, and dialect is
used to refer to one of the norms (Wardhaugh 2006:25),
which means, as Hudson (1996:32) says; “a language is larger
than a dialect. That is, a variety called a language contains
more items than one called a dialect”. Dialects are
considered to be sub categories of a language. So, if we take
English as a language, we can find different dialects of it, such
as:Cockney, Yorkshire….etc. Your Logo or Name Here 14
Dialects of a language
-different from each other in term of grammar, lexis and pronunciation. They can be
divided into two kinds; regional and social.
Regional dialects reveal where we come from, whereas the latter, social dialects, are
spoken by a particular social stratum or ethnic group.
Social dialect is the speakers that choose consciously their own dialect in order to display
their belonging and membership.
Example: In the USA, the majority of black speakers tend to use the black vernacular
English (B.E.V) to exhibit their ethnic identity and pride.
Mutually Intelligible dialects * if two speakers can understand each other then they are
speaking dialects of the same language, and if they cannot understand each other, then
they are speaking different languages.
Example: the Scandinavian languages: Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish.
Linguistically Norwegian, Swedish and Danish are the same language, but
politically and culturally they are three different languages.
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Language Varieties
Autonomy and Heteronomy
-are the result of political and cultural factors rather than linguistic ones.
- It has been said that: ‘a language is a dialect with an army and a navy’ (Chambers
and Trudgill 2004:12). This claim, as Chambers and Trudgill say, stresses the political
factors that lie behind linguistic autonomy. And the process of standardization may
explain such things as linguistic versus socio-political considerations.
Language and Dialect
- A language is more prestigious that than a dialect.
- A dialect is popularly considered to be “a substandard, low-status, often rustic form
of a language.” (Chambers and Trudgill 2004:3).
- Varieties which are unwritten are commonly referred to as dialects, whereas those
used in written form are considered to be ‘the proper language’

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Business Model
There is an opportunity for success

Fortify De-Marginalize Research

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Market Opportunity

$3B $2B $1B

Opportunity to Build Freedom to Invent Few Competitors
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Competition
Convenience

Expensive Affordable

Inconvenient

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Growth Strategy
How will we scale in the future

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Month, Year Month, Year Month, Year

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a tellus. a tellus. a tellus.

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Traction
Forecasting for success

Vendors Users Gross Company Gross Revenue

Revenue Revenue
$300,000

20YY 0 0 $0 $0
$250,000

20YY 10 100 $6,750 $1,013 $200,000

$150,000
20YY 50 500 $33,750 $5,063
$100,000

20YY 200 2000 $135,000 $20,250

$50,000

20YY 400 4000 $270,000 $40,500 $0

1 2 3 4 5

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Financials
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Detailers 5,000 40,000 160,000
Users 50,000 400,000 1,600,000
Sales 500,000 4,000,000 16,000,000
Average Price per Sale 75 80 90
Revenue @ 15% 5,625,000 48,000,000 216,000,000
• Cost of Revenue 0 0 0
Gross Profit 5,625,000 48,000,000 216,000,000
Expenses
• Sales & Marketing 5,062,500 38,400,000 151,200,000 70%
• Customer Service 1,687,500 9,600,000 21,600,000 10%
• Product Development 562,500 2,400,000 10,800,000 5%
• Research 281,250 2,400,000 4,320,000 2%
Total Expenses 7,593,750 52,800,000 187,920,000

EBIT -1,968,750 -4,800,000 28,080,000 13%

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The Team

Allan Mira Victoria August Ian Angelica

Mattsson Karlsson Lindqvist Bergqvist Hansson Astrom
COO COB CFO Head of Operations Head of Technical Creative Director

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Funding

$12,000
Fund Category $14,000
Fund Category
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$32,000

Fund Category Fund Category

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Summary
Summary tagline or sub-headline
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• Nunc viverra imperdiet enim. Fusce est.
Vivamus a tellus
• Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et
netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Proin
pharetra nonummy pede. Mauris et orci
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Thank You
Kalle Persson
+1 23 987 6554
kalle@email.com
www.fabrikam.com
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