Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EQUIPMENT
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CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Excavation
Equipment
Lifting
Equipment
Concrete
Equipment
Compaction
Equipment
Pumps
Construction
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Robots
EXCAVATION EQUIPMENTS
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Bulldozer
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TRACTOR AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
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Wheel Mounted Bulldozer
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S-type SU-type A-type
Angle Dozers
• Angle dozers - push forward and to one side (ex. to fill trenches)
• Versatile machine -
– Clearing land of timber and stumps
– Opening up roads through mountain and rocky terrain
– Moving earth for haul distances upto approx. 100m
– Spreading earth fill
– Back filling trenches
– Maintaining haul roads
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1. ADVANTAGES OF CRAWLER MOUNTED BULLDOZERS:
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Rippers
- all power concentrated in one ripper - power shared by the no. of rippers
- bigger boulders ripped out - smaller boulders ripped out
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EXCAVATORS
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Shovel
(Shipper Shaft)
Hydraulic Rams
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POWER SHOVELS
• Limited ability to dig below the track level. Very efficient when
digging from track level up to about the height of the shipper
shaft.
• The vertical distance that permits the bucket to obtain a full load
without undue crowding (full capacity) or hoisting is known as
the optimum depth of cut.
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Selecting A Power Shovel
• Job condition ( terrain, etc. )under which the shovel will operate.
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Power Shovel
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Backhoes
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BACKHOES
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Contd…
Excavating basements
Cleaning road side ditches
Grading embankments
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Backhoes
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Backhoe
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Loaders
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Differences between a Shovel and a Loader
Shovel:
• the boom, stick and the bucket comes as different parts attached to each
other from the machine
Loader:
• The boom, the bucket are directly attached to the machine for lifting the material
Used to
• Handle and transport bulk material such as rock and earth
• To load truck
• To excavate earth
• To charge aggregate bins of asphalt & concrete plants
• Two types :
– Crawler - Tractor - Mounted
– Wheel - Tractor – Mounted
• Classified by
– Capacities of buckets
– Weight that the buckets can lift
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Wheeled tractor loader
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Wheeled tractor loader
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Skid Steer Loaders – (miniature loaders)
Backhoe cum Loader
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SCRAPERS
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Scraper
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SCRAPERS
• Scraper types:
– Push-loaded
• Single-powered axle
• Tandem-powered axles
– Elevating 34
Scraper
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Scraper
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DRAGLINE
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Dragline
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DRAGLINES
• While dragline is very versatile, does not have the positive digging
action or lateral control of the shovel.
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DRAGLINES
3.If earth hauled by trucks, they do not have to get into mud.
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OUTPUT OF DRAGLINES
• Class of material
• Depth of cut
• Angle of swing
• Size and type of bucket
• Length of boom
• Size of hauling units when used
• Skill of operator
• Physical condition of the machine
• Job conditions
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Dragline
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Dragline
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CLAMSHELL
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Clamshell
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CLAMSHELLS
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FINISHING EQUIPMENTS
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Graders
Moldboard/Blade
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GRADING & FINISHING
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Gradall
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GRADALLS
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Gradall
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LOADING AND HAULING EQUIPMENTS
TRUCKS WAGONS
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Trucks
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Off-Way Carry Truck
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RIGID FRAME REAR DUMP TRUCK
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Wagons
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TRUCKS AND WAGONS
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LIFTING EQUIPMENTS
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LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Need
1. Transport of material & people2. Installation of components
Classification
Lifting Equipment
Base type Boom type Mounting Boom type Out riggers Jib type counter weights
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Mobile Crane
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Mobile Crane
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LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Major factor controlling the load that may be safely lifted by a crane is its
operating radius (horizontal distance from the center of rotation to the
hook)
– for other than horizontal boom tower cranes, this is a function of boom
length and boom angle.
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Derrick Crane
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Derrick Crane 74
Gantry Cranes
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Gantry Crane
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Gantry Crane
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Mobile Crane
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Mobile Crane
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Mobile Crane
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Tower Crane
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Tower Crane
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Tower Crane
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Tower Crane
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TOWER CRANES
– Luffing jib (inclined boom) models are available which have the ability to
operate in areas of restricted horizontal clearance not suitable for
conventional tower cranes with their fixed jibs and counter weights.
– Most tower cranes can raise themselves section by section until the
mast or tower reaches the desired height.
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INCLINED BOOM
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CONCRETE EQUIPMENT
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CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
• Portland cement concrete most widely used structural material for civil
engineering projects.
• Normal concrete
– Three - Fourths aggregate
– One - Fourth paste by volume
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USUAL OPERATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF CONCRETE
• Batching of
materials Aggregate
• Mixing
Cement Batching
• Transporting
• Placing Water Mixing
• Consolidating
• Finishing Handling and
Hoisting
• Curing transporting
Placing
Finishing
Curing
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BATCHING AND MIXING OF CONCRETE MATERIALS
• Fine sands bulk more than course sand for a given amount of
moisture
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BATCHING AND MIXING OF CONCRETE MATERIALS
Aggregate by weight
• In most plants, weighing hoppers are suspended or placed
under the storage bins. The material from the bin is fed by
gravity
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BATCHING AND MIXING OF CONCRETE MATERIALS
• Stationary mixers
– On site mixers
– Central mixers in ready mix plants
– Tilting or nontilting type
• Mixing time after all materials except the full amount of water, are in
mixer, provided that all the mixing water shall be introduced before one
fourth of the mixing time has elapsed. (Based on standard speed of
rotations)
• Maximum capacity of the plant - Based on minimum mixing cycle time
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BATCHING AND MIXING OF CONCRETE MATERIALS
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10/7 Concrete Mixer
Hand Feed Concrete Mixer
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CONCRETE MIXER
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BATCHING PLANT
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BATCHING PLANT
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BATCHING PLANT
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BATCHING PLANT
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READY MIXED CONCRETE
• Can be manufactured by any of the following method of mixing
– Central - mixed concrete is mixed completely in a stationary
mixer and is delivered either in a truck agitator, a truck
mixing operating at agitating speed
– Shrink - mixed concrete is mixed partially in a stationary
mixer and completed in a truck mixer
– Truck - mixed concrete is mixed completely in a truck mixer
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RMC
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Concrete Pump
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Concrete Boom Pump
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Concrete Boom Pump
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COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
ROLLERS COMPACTORS
VIBRATORY COMPACTORS
TAMPING ROLLERS
SMOOTH-WHEELEDROLLERS
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VIBRATING ROLLERS
TYPES OF COMPACTING EQUIPMENT
-Tamping rollers
-Smooth-wheel rollers
-Pneumatic-tyred rollers
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Tamping Roller Tractor Pulled Ballasted Grid Roller
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SMOOTH WHEELED ROLLERS
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Smooth Wheeled Rollers
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Smooth Wheeled Rollers
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Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
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PNEUMATIC-TYRED ROLLERS
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Pneumatic Tyred Roller
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Pneumatic Roller
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Pneumatic Roller
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Pneumatic Roller
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VIBRATING COMPACTORS
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Vibratory Rollers
Smooth Drum Vibratory soil compactor Padded Drum Vibratory soil compactor
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MANUALLY OPERATED VIBRATORY PLATE
COMPACTORS
• Rated by
– centrifugal force
– Lift
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Diesel Powered Manually operated Plate
Compactors
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MANUALLY OPERATED VIBRATING TAMPING
COMPACTOR
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The equipment performing in
Manually Operated rammers
a congested trench 138
PUMPS
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PUMPS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
– Foundation grouting
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• On some projects may be the most critical equipment
Dewatering Pumps
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Dewatering Pumps
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Dewatering Pumps
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• Factors to be considered in selecting type of pump:
– Dependability
– Availability of parts
– Simplicity to permit repairs
– Economical installation and operation
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CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
• DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
– Diaphragm pumps
– Reciprocating pumps
• CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
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RECIPROCATING PUMPS
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Reciprocating Pumps
Advantages:
1. They are able to pump at a uniform rate against the varying head
2. Capacity increased by increasing the speeds
3. Reasonably high efficiency regardless of the head and speed
4. Usually self – priming
Disadvantages:
1. Heavy weight and large size for given capacity
2. Possibility of value trouble, especially in pumping water containing
trash
3. Pulsating flow of water
4. Danger in damaging a pump in operating against a high head
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Reciprocating Pump Diaphragm Pump
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Diaphragm Pumps
• This action draws water into and discharges it from the pump
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Centrifugal Pumps
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Centrifugal Pumps
h = v2 / 2g
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Self priming centrifugal pump a) Priming action b)Pumping action
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SELF PRIMING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
– Since they don’t mix and the air is discharged and water
recirculated to pick up more from suction line. Continues till
water flows through pipe
• Advantages
– Eliminates suction lift limitations
– loss of prime
– Need for suction hoses
– Noise and fumes from an internal combustion engine
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Submersible Pumps
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Electric motor operated submersible pump 158
Submersible pump placed in position
MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
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Single stage Centrifugal Pump Multi-stage Centrifugal Pump
Jet Pumps
• Low pressure in the venturi tube draws water from the source into
the recirculating line, where it flows into the pump inlet.
• Other advantages
– Simplicity
– ease of maintenance
– Ability to operate in wells having diameter as small as 2
inches
– Ability to locate the pumps on the surface
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Jet Pumps
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CONSTRUCTION ROBOTS
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FLOOR FINISHING ROBOT
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MATERIAL HANDLING ROBOT
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• This is the largest earth mover in the world..... built by the German
company, Krupp, and seen here crossing a federal highway in
Germany en route to its destination (an open-pit coal mine). It is
cheaper to move the thing like this, than to construct or reassemble
onsite.
• Specifications:
~ The mover stands 311 feet tall and 705 feet long.
~ It weighs over 45,500 tons
~Cost $100 million to build
~ Took 5 years to design and manufacture
~ 5 years to assemble.
~ Requires 5 people to operate it.
~The Bucket Wheel is over 70 feet in diameter with 20 buckets,
each of which can hold over 530 cubic feet of material.
~ A 6-foot man can stand up inside one of the buckets.
~ It moves on 12 crawlers (each is 12 feet wide, 8' high and 46 feet
long). There are 8 crawlers in front and 4 in back. It has a maximum
speed of 1 mile in 3 hours (1/3 mile/hour).
~It can remove over 76,455 cubic meters each day.
(100,000 large dump trucks at 40yds. each)
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• The Emmaus Church in
Heuersdorf, a small town in
eastern Germany near Leipzig,
must be moved in order to
save it. The entire town is
being abandoned as a nearby
lignite, or brown coal, mine
expands.
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• A huge excavator sits at the
bottom of the lignite mine, with
the 13th-century church
looming in the background.
The estimated 52 million tons
of lignite beneath the town will
go to a nearby power station in
Lippendorf.
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The town won a legal battle to prevent the takeover from the mining
company, but the decision was overturned in 2005. This photo shows the
early stages of preparing the church to move. The area surrounding the
church was cleared and cracks within the building's structure were
repaired with concrete.
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• Engineers then wrapped the
church in four steel corsets
and painstakingly put a
steel-and-concrete base
under the church.
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Emmaus Church's pastor Thomas Krieger had a hard time
finding it a new home and even considered putting it on the
side of a highway. It will soon be located in the nearby town
of Borna, right next to one of that town's churches. "It's not
the ideal location, for sure, but it's the best we got," Krieger
told the newspaper Die Welt.
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The church was lifted 1.6 meters using hydraulic lifts to make
room to move in an enormous, multi-wheeled transport bed.
Additional preparations for the €3 million move included
repairing roads, diverting small rivers and taking down power,
phone and traffic lines. 182
The 12 km (7.5 mile) trip will go at a walking pace and is
expected to end on Oct. 31. Structural engineers will
accompany it the whole way, using sensors to make sure
the church doesn't lean more than three degrees. The
town's roughly 50 inhabitants have until Dec. 31, 2008, to
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abandon their homes.
At least this church is safe: Heuersdorf's second, larger
church will meet the wrecking ball next year.
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THANK YOU
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