C3.

6 Organic Chemistry
What do these compounds have in common? Think of as many different answers as you can

Extension: Can you name any of them?

Alcohols - OH
• All of those compounds have an –OH functional group.
• This means they are alcohols.
• All alcohol’s names end in “ol”

Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol

 Properties of Alcohols
• All alcohols dissolve in water to form a neutral solution.
Properties of Alcohols
• All alcohols react with sodium to produce hydrogen and a salt.

Na
H H
H H
H H

BeakerBeaker
filled with
filledsodium methoxide
with methanol
Properties of Alcohols
• All alcohols burn in air, to produce CO2 and H2O

O2
Uses of Alcohols Drinks
Fuels Solvents
 Alcohol in drinks?

Ethanol

Q. Why is it possible for ethanol to be in the drink?

A. Because all alcohols are water soluble.
What do these compounds have in common? Think of as many different answers as you can

Extension: Can you name any of them?

Carboxylic Acids - COOH
• All of those compounds have a –COOH group.
• This means they are carboxylic acids.
• All carboxylic acid’s names end in “-oic acid”

Ethanoic Acid Propanoic Acid Butanoic Acid

When naming, remember to count the COOH Carbon……

 Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• All carboxylic acids dissolve in water to form an acidic solution.
Why do they make the solution acidic?
Ionisation occurs in solution, releasing H+ ions

- +
HT

Why do they make the solution acidic?

But, ionisation is not complete, this means they are weak acids.

- +
HT

Strong VS. Weak Acids

Both solutions are the same concentration which has the higher pH?

Lower pH = More Acidic Higher pH = Less Acidic

Properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic Acids react with carbonates to produce CO2, H2O and a salt.

CaCO3
SALT
Uses of Carboxylic Acids
• Ethanoic acid is the main acid in vinegar, it is an aqueous solution (aq).
 Oxidation
• Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid using chemical oxidising agents.

[O]
Summary so far…..
Alcohols – OH
• Dissolve in water, neutral solutions.
• React with sodium to make hydrogen and salt.
• Burn in air (combustion).
• Fuels, solvents and food.
• Can be oxidised to carboxylic acids using chemical oxidising agents.
Summary so far…..
Carboxylic Acids – COOH
• Produce weak acidic solutions in water.
• Incomplete ionisation makes them weak (H+)
• React with carbonates to form CO2, salt and H2O
• Ethanoic acid is vinegar
A better way to draw Carboxylic Acids

Ethanoic Acid

=
-COOH
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
Ethanoic Acid Ethanol

H2O
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
Ethanoic Acid Ethyl ethanoate Ethanol

Ester

Ethanoate Ethyl
Esters
• Esters have the –COO functional group.
• A common example is ethyl ethanoate.
• Esters are made from a condensation reaction between a
carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
 Uses of Esters
• Esters are volatile, this means they have low boiling points,
they have distinctive smells and tastes.
Flavourings Perfumes