MITOCHONDRIA AND

CHLOROPLASTS
 Energy Conversion

• Mitochondria convert the chemical energy

of reduced carbon compounds into ATP.
• Chloroplasts convert light energy to the
energy of reduced carbon compounds
• Fundamental to both processes is an
electron transport chain, where energy is
passed from compound to compound in
coupled oxidation:reduction reactions
2 membranes
Outer Membrane - has Mitochondria
large aqueous
channels made of a
protein called porin -
permeable to most
small molecules
Inner Membrane -
impermeable to ions
and small molecules
except by specific
membrane-transport
proteins
 2 compartments
• MATRIX - enzymes -
TCA cycle, DNA - several
Mitochondria copies, ribosomes, tRNA,
etc
• INTERMEMBRANE
SPACE
Inner Membrane is folded
into cristae,that greatly
increase its surface area.
This is where you find the
Electron Transport Chain
(ETC), ATP synthase,
transport proteins to allow
Fig 1-11
substances in to matrix
 Mitochondrial Structure
A How many compartments
do mitochondria have?
Which letter corresponds
to:
C • the matrix?
• a crista?
• the intermembrane
space?
E • the outer membrane?
• the inner membrane?
Where would you find the
D DNA? the ribosomes?

B
 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
• The ETC is found on the inner membrane
• High energy electrons are passed along the ETC
generating a proton gradient across the inner
membrane
• H+ gradient drives ATP synthesis
Mitochondria have 2 membranes
Chloroplasts have 3 membranes

There are 3
compartments
…what are
they?
Chloroplast Thylakoid membrane –
proteins of ETC, ATP
synthase
• Inner membrane –
membrane transport
protein for Rubisco
• Outer membrane -
porin
• Stroma – enzymes for
Calvin Cycle,
chloroplast DNA.
Chloroplasts
 Plant Cell

Fig 13-26
Chloroplasts vs Mitochondria
These are mitochondria
So are these
Chloroplasts have different forms too

Thylakoids

Mitochondria
 But their structure and
function remain linked
Think of 3 similarities between
mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Think of 3 ways they are different