CSMSS

CHH. SHAHU COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING, Kanchanwadi, Aurangabad
(MS), India – 431 002
Seminar On

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

By,
Samadhan Devidas Ware
(BE-B 4254)
Under Guidance of
Prof. CHAVAN SIR
 INTRODUCTION
• Major problem faced by today’s world is environmental pollution.
• Of these vehicular traffic is a major contributor .
• Exhaust gases from vehicles includes CO,CO2,HC,NOx …..
• Of these NOx is particularly very harmful.
• These are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have an
adverse effect on ecological systems.
• They also contribute to the formation of acid rain.
• NOx also cause breathing illness in human beings.
 FORMATION OF NOx

• The factors that cause diesel engines to run more efficiently than
gasoline engines also cause them to run at a higher temperature.
• This leads to the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
• Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some of the oxygen
is used to burn the fuel.
• When the peak temperatures are high enough for long periods of
time, the nitrogen and oxygen in the air combines to form Nitrogen
oxides.
• These are normally collectively referred to as “NOx”.
 HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED?

• In order to reduce NOx a engine should run at a lower

temperature than the normal temperature.
• Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in
three ways.
1. Enriching the air fuel mixture
2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding
ignition timings
3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the
cylinder
 EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

• Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method to reduce NOx

emissions from the engine.
• It works by recirculating a quantity of exhaust gas back to the
engine cylinders.
• Intermixing the recirculated gas with incoming air reduces the
amount of available O2 to the combustion And lowers the peak
temperature of combustion.
• Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a route from the exhaust
manifold to the intake manifold.
• A control valve within the circuit regulates and times the gas flow.
Schematic Diagram of An EGR
 BASIC PARTS OF EGR

• There are 3 basic parts of EGR

1. EGR Valve

2. EGR Cooler

3. EGR Transfer Pipe

TYPICAL FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WITH
BASIC PARTS OF EGR
 EGR OPERATING CONDITIONS

There are three operating conditions for EGR flow.

1. High EGR flow

2. Low EGR flow

3. No EGR flow
 EGR THEORY OF OPERATION

• The purpose of the EGR system is to precisely regulate the flow

under different operating conditions.

• For this an ECM (Electronic Control Machine) is used to regulate the

EGR flow. When EGR is required ECM opens the EGR valve.
• The ECM is capable of neutralizing the negative aspects of EGR by
programming additional spark advance and decreased fuel injection
duration during periods EGR flow
 TECHNICAL ISSUES

1. Combustion Contamination
• Exhaust gas from any combustion process may have certain contaminants
May lead to serious combustion degradation and instability, and shorter
component life.

2. Materials and Durability

• EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the components affected,
including the EGR coolers and control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads,
exhaust manifolds and sensors.
• Continuous duty applications may cause materials breakdown, shorter
component life, and even unexpected, catastrophic engine failures.
 FUTURE OF EGR

Current Proposal:
• Require a functional check of the EGR system: detect a
malfunction when the system has reached its control limits such
that it cannot achieve the target EGR flow

• Require a functional check of the EGR cooling system for proper

cooling
 CONCLUSION

• Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, the

emissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of NOx
entering the atmosphere.

• Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It has proven to

be very useful and it is being modified further to attain better
standards.

• This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption

• EGR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous oxide
emissions from the engine exhaust.
THANK YOU