THE SELF

AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT
• “ I am who I am”
• “If you are who you are, then who are you that makes you who you are?
• GENERALLY SEE THE SELF AND IDENTITY AS MENTAL
CONSTRUCTS
• POINT TO THE FRONTAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN ASSOCIATED
WITH THE PROCESSING CONCERNING SELF
• SEVERAL PSYCHOLOGIST FOLLOWED THIS TREND OF
THOUGHT, LOOKING DEEPER INTO THE MIND OF PERSON TO
THEORIZE ABOUT THE SELF, IDENTITY, SELF-CONCEPT AND
IN TURN, ONE’S PERSONALITY
• Self is the sense of personal identity and who
we are as individuals (Jhangiani and Tarry
2014)
 SIGMUND FREUD
• SEE SELF AS THE RESULT OF INTERACTION
BETWEEN THE ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO
• LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
 ERIK ERICKSON
• PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
• 8 Major stages of development each posing a unique
developmental task and simultaneously presenting the
individual with a crisis that he/she must overcome
TASKS PERIOD EVENTS RELATIONS CHOICES OUTCOME
HIP W/
TRUST VS INFANCY FEEDING MATERNAL TO GIVE IN DEVELOP SENSE OF TRUST
MISTRUST TO GET/RETURN
AUTONOMY VS TODDLER TOILET PATERNAL TO HOLD ON SENSE OF PERSONAL
SHAME&DOUBT TRAINING FAMILY TO LET GO CONTROL, INDEPENDENT
INITIATIVE VS PRESCHOO EXPLORATI FAMILY TO MAKE BEGIN ASSERTING CONTROL
GUILT L ON NEIGHBOR TO MAKE LIKE OVER ENVI/SENSE OF
PURPOSE
INDUSTRY VS SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL TO MAKE THINGS NEEDS TO COPE W/NEW
INFERIORITY AGE TO MAKE SOCIAL & ACADEMIC
TOGETHER DEMANDS. SENSE OF
COMPETENCE
IDENTITY VS ROLE ADOLESCE SOCIAL PEER GROUP TO BE ONESELF SUCCESS LEAD TO ABILITY TO
CONFUSION NCE RELATIONS TO SHARE BEING STAY TRUE TO ONESELF
HIP ONESELF
INTIMACY VS YOUNG RELATIONS PARTNERS TO LOSE LEADS TO STRONG
ISOLATION ADULTHOO HIP TO BIND ONESELT RELATIONSHIP
D TO OTHERS
GENERATIVITY MIDDLE WORK & PARTNER TO MAKE BE TO WELFARE OF SOCIETY & FUTURE
PARENTHOOD GENERATION/USEFULNEES &
VS STAGNATION TAKE CARE OF ACCOMPLISMENT

INTEGRITY VS OLD AG REFLECTIO MANKIND TO BE THROUGH SENSE OF FULFILMENT,

DESPAIR N ON LIFE HAVING BEEN TO WISDOM
FACE NOT BEING
 WILLIAM JAMES

• 2 aspects
• I and ME
• I = the thinking, acting and feeling self ( Gleitman et.al
2010)
• ME = physical characteristics as well as psychological
capabilities that make who you are
 Carl Rogers

• Theory of personality
• I = one who acts and decides
• ME = what you think or feel about yourself as an object
 Other concept

• Identity and self-concept

• Identity=composed of personal characteristics, social
roles & responsibilities, as well as affiliation
• Self-concept=what basically comes to your mind when
you are asked about who you are
 CONT…..

• SELF-AWARENESS- self concept

• The private self or internal standards and private
thoughts and feelings
• The public self or your public image commonly
geared toward having a good presentation of yourself
to others
 Self-awareness schema

1. Actual self – who you are at the moment

2. Ideal self – who you like to be
3. Ought self – who you think you should be
 Self-esteem
• Strengthen confidence, some aspect of ourselves
• High or healthy self-esteem may result to good or bad personality
• Outgoing, adventurous, adaptable in a lot of situations, initiate activities &
building relationship with people
• May also dismiss activities that do not conform to their self-concept/boost
their self-esteem, bullies, and experiment on abusive behaviors with drugs,
alcohol and sex
End…