Bahay na Bato and Ifugao Bale

Reported By: Karl Cedric M. Cataluña

Reger Jay Abion
Soriano E. Pareja III
 Bahay na Bato
History
Bahay na bato (Tagalog, literally "house of stone") is a type of building originating during the
Philippines' Spanish Colonial Period. It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo. Its design
has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the bahay kubo's architectural basis which
corresponds to the tropical climate, stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment of the whole
archipelago of the Philippines and fuses it with the influence of Spanish colonizers and Chinese
traders. Thus created was a hybrid of Austronesian, Spanish, and Chinese architecture with American
influence during the American era, supporting the fact that the Philippines is a result of these cultures
mixing together. Its most common appearance is that of an elevated, overhanging wooden upper-story
nipa hut (with balustrades, ventanillas, and capiz shell sliding windows) that stands on Spanish-style
solid stone blocks or bricks and posts as foundation instead of just wood, bamboo stilts, or timber
posts. Roofing is either Chinese tiled roof or thatch (nipa, sago palm, or cogon), of which many today
are being replaced by galvanized or other modern roofing. It followed the bahay kubo's arrangements
such as open ventilation and elevated apartments used as living space with the ground floor used for
storerooms, cellars, and other business purposes. Like bahay kubo, much of this ground level was
reserved for storage; in business districts, some spaces were rented to shops. Horses for carriages
were housed in stables called caballerizas.[1] Bahay na bato had a rectangular plan that reflected
vernacular Austronesian Filipino traditional houses integrated with Spanish style.
 Spaces By Definition
Ground Floor
Zaguan- a passageway leading from the entrance door to
the central partio in house
Cuadra- Stable
Bodega- Storage room
Entresuelo- mezzanine, low or partial story that is just
above the ground floor, entresol,balcony for workers
Escalera- Staircase
Aljibe- water well is an excavation or structure created In
the ground by digging,boring,or drilling to access
groundwater in underground aquifers
Baño- Toilet and Bath
Comun/Latrina- Comfort room
 Second Floor
CAIDA- anteroom
SALA- living area
COMEDOR- dining area
COCINA- kitchen area
BANGGUERA- place for dying pots
DESPACHO- office room
CUARTO- bed room
AZOTEA- balcony
 Parts of Bahay na Bato: characteristics
Ceilings- canvas,sawali or tin
Ground floor- charcoal,sand or floored over with
mortared stone or brick
Roof- hipped at a high angle with wide overhangs had
events all around nipa, title and galvanized iron with
gutters all around
Windows- tall and wide (1m x 5m) jalousies or capiz
shells had ventanillas w blank
Floors- wooden on the second floor slats on the kitchen
or dining rooms Galeria, corredor or galeria volada
Azotea- tiled terrace for work and relaxation where the
water from the rain was kept.
Ground Floor
 Purpose of Bahay na Bato
Bahay na bato or the stone house served as the
model for townhouses from the 19th century until
World War II for many Filipino families, especially
the mid-elite. The bahay na bato's original Spanish
architectural design was repurposed to suit the
Philippine climate using original building materials, in
particular construction ideas from the bahay kubo.
Today, more and more talented architects are
exploring new designs, style genres, fusions, and
color palettes that will cater to the eyes of the
modern Filipino family while still capturing the
concept of the stone house. Here's four modest
bahay na bato architecture layouts that embodies
certain features of the traditional stone house.
 Ifugao Bale
History
The Ifugao "Bale" or Native House is to be the "first pre-fabricated
house in the world," according to renowned anthropologist Otley
Beyer. It has been subject of many scholarly articles as it is considered
to be one of the most ingenious and nearly perfect architectural
constructs made by man.
This type of dwelling does not make use of nails thus it is also called
the "No-Nail" House. The house can be dismantled and transferred to
another place of choice without destroying any part of it. The Ifugao
"no-nail" house evolved from a more primitive dwelling called the
"abong" which is less permanent and is not raised.
Banaue Ethnic Village features actual Ifugao native houses that have
been relocated and preserved, which show visitors how the Ifugao
native house evolved throughout time.
Come and take a closer look at Ifugao heritage and culture at the
Banaue Ethnic Village.
 Style
Ifugao house are a traditional house types
of the Philippines people. Typically , rural
Philippines houses are a single room
rectangular structure designed with three
levels
 • The lowest level : datag or
xassaran,located at the center of the
room
 Immediate level : ramuyon ,occupy three
sides of the floor
 The highest level : tarakip ,located on the
remaining side ofthe house is an
extention.
 Location
Ifugao house was built by the Ifugao people
in Northern luzon of Philippines. Usually, a
house is built on a firm flat ground. For a
hill, the slope is leveled then stonewalled.
Settlements were situated near the rice
fields.
 Materials use
Bamboo
Cogon grass
Nipa
Guijo tree
Yakal tree
Rattan