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Software Testing, 2nd edition

NARESH CHAUHAN

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Chapter 10
Software Metrics

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 Objectives
 Software projects need measurement to quantify things for better
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monitoring and control over software development

 Software metrics are quantitative measurements

 Various types of software metrics

 Entities to be measured for the software: process, product, and resource

 Recognition of attributes

 Line-of-code metrics

 Halstead metrics

 Function point analysis metrics

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Need of Software Measurement
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 Understanding

 Control

 Improvement

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 Software Metrics
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 A quantitative measure of the degree to which a system component or

process possesses a given attribute.

 Classification of Software Metrics

 Product vs. Process Metrics
 Objective vs. Subjective Metrics
 Primitive vs. Computed Metrics
 Private vs. Public Metrics

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 Entities to be Measured 4
 Processes

 Product

 Resource

 Attributes of entities

 Internal Attributes

 External Attributes

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 Size Metrics 5

 Line of Code (LOC)

 Token Count (Halstead Product Metrics)

Program Vocabulary
n = n1 + n2
where n = program vocabulary
n1 = number of unique operators
n2 = number of unique operands
Program Length
N = N1 + N2
where N = program length
N1 = all operators appearing in the implementation
N2 = all operands appearing in the implementation
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 Size Metrics (contd.) 6

Program Volume

V = N log2 n

where V = Program volume

N = Program length

n = Program vocabulary

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 Function Point Analysis 7
 Determine the type of project.

 Identify the counting scope and the application boundary.

 Identify all data functions (internal logical functions and external interface files)
and their complexity.

 Identify all transactional functions (external inputs, external outputs and the
external queries) and their complexity.

 Determine the unadjusted function point count (UFP).

 Determine the value adjustment factor, which is based on the 14 general

system characteristics (GSCs).

 Calculate the adjusted function point count (AFP).

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Function Point Analysis 8

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Function Point Analysis 9

VAF = (TDI x 0.01 ) + 0.065

AFP = UFP x VAF
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