Oleh :

Pembimbing :
abstract
• Background : To prospectively observe the
effects of undercorrection of myopia on myopia
progression and axial elongation in a population
of 12-year-old Chinese children.
• Methods : A total of 2,267 children in the
Anyang Childhood Eye Study were examined at
baseline, and 1,769 were followed for 1 year.
Ocular examinations included cycloplegic
autorefraction, axial length, visual acuity,
vertometry, and accommodative lag.
Questionnaires were completed by children and
parents.
abstract
• Results Of 253 myopic children with spectacles
nd available information, 120 (47.4 %) were
undercorrected (−4.63D to −0.50D) and 133
(52.6 %) were fully corrected. In a multivariate
model adjusting for age, gender, number of
myopic parents, time spent on near work and
outdoor activities per day, usage and time for
wearing spectacles per day, children with
undercorrection had significantly more baseline
myopia (P<0.01) and longer axial length
(P=0.03) than children with full correction.
However, there were no significant differences
in myopia progression (P=0.46) and axial
elongation (P= 0.96) at 1 year between the two
groups of children.
abstract
• Conclusions : Based on this 1-year study in
Chinese children, undercorrection or full
correction of myopia by wearing spectacles
did not show any differences in myopia
progression or axial elongation.
 Introduction
• Myopia has become a major
public health problem
worldwide, especially in Asia
• About 12.8 million children
aged 5–15 years have visual
impairment due to lack of
correction or undercorrection of
refractive error, with a global
prevalence of 0.96 %, of which
the highest prevalence is in
Chinese children
• In China, 21.1 and 48.8 % of
school-aged myopic children
wearing spectacles are
undercorrected in urban
• In Nepal, only 57 % of children
with refractive errors wore
spectacles at their first clinic visit
• In Africa, only 9.4 % of students
with poor vision wore spectacles
for correction
• Australian children is only 8.3 %
 Introduction
• Recent randomized controlled trials (RCT)
showed that undercorrection produced more
rapid myopia progression than full correction,
with differences of −0.23 D in 2 years and −0.17
D in 18 months
• In the present study, the investigate was
suggested and determined by the
ophthalmologist or optometrist, and was agreed
by the parents and children.
 Material and Methods
• 3,112 grade 1 students and
2,363 grade 7 students were
randomly selected using
stratified cluster sampling
from The Anyang Childhood
Eye Study (ACES)
• only grade 7 students Contents
were
included for analysis, they
Title
were firstly examined
between September and
December 2011 and followed
up 1 year later
• Distant LogMAR visual acuity
with and without spectacles (if
worn) was tested using a
Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart
(Precision Vision, La Salle, IL,
USA) at 4 m.
• Avertometer (NIDEK,LM-990A)
was used to measure the dioptric
power, Autorefractor (HUVITZ,
HRK-7000A, South Korea) was
used to measure cycloplegic
refractive error, and IOL Master
(Carl Zeiss, Meditec AG Jena,
Germany) was used to measure
axial length.
 Material and Methods
• An interviewer-administered questionnaire was completed by the
children and parents to collect information including time spent on
near work and outdoor activities, frequency of wearing spectacles,
usage of spectacle wear, age of myopia onset, age of wearing first
spectacles, frequency of changing spectacles, and the number of
myopic parents
• Only the right eye was included
Contents for analysis.
• Myopia was defined as cycloplegic
Title
spherical equivalent (SE)≤−0.50
D. Amount of myopia progression was defined as baseline SE
subtracted from SE 1 year later, and was adjusted by the baseline
SE
 Material and Methods
• Based on the amount of undercorrected myopia (UCM), children
with undercorrection of myopia were further divided into four groups
(0 D<UCM≤0.5D, 0.5D<UCM≤1.0D, 1.0D<UCM≤1.5D and UCM
>1.5D).
• Statistical analysis was performed using SAS9.1.3. to keep the
same correction method (spectacles) between the two groups,
myopic students not wearing
Contentsspectacles were excluded from this
study Title
• A p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Result
Result
Result
Discussion

• In this study, we found no significant differences

inmyopia progression and axial elongation after a
1-year period
• myopia progression decreased slightly with
increasing amount of undercorrection
• These findings indicate that undercorrection may
not cause faster myopia progression
• accommodative lag significantly decreased with
increasing amounts of undercorrection
Discussion

• Increasing amount of undercorrection, the presenting

visual acuity was significantly worse
• Some limitation from this study:
o it is a case–control study with longitudinal
observations, not a randomized controlled trial
o Using this criterion of undercorrection of myopia may
not have detected all undercorrected children
because myopes may possess reduced blur
sensitivity
o this was a study with only a 1-year period, which was
not long enough to draw a robust conclusion
Summary

• children with undercorrection of myopia showed no

significant difference in myopia progression
compared to children with full correction in this 1-
year study. Undercorrection might not accelerate
myopia progression in a population of 12-year-old
Chinese children.
THANK YOU
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