Presentation

of
High voltage
TOPIC: LIQUID INSULATION IN TRANSFORMER
PREPARED BY: UMAR FAROOQ
ROLL NO: 14-FA-56983
TECHNOLOGY: B.TECH(ELECTRICAL)
SEMESTER: 7TH
 Contents

1:Defination of insulation
2:Types of insulations used in Transformers
3:Material used in Transformer insulation
4:List of Liquid insulation
5:Purpose of insulation in Transformer
6:General characteristics of insulating materials
 Insulation

 ● To cover the line or separate with a material that

prevents or reduces the passage,transfer,or leakage of
heat , electricity , or sound.
 ● To place in an isolated situation or condition.
 ● A material that is unable to conduct electricity due to
its high level of electrical resistance is an insulator.
 ● The process in which insulating material is used is called
insulation.
 Types Of Insulation

●Insulation is one of the most important element of a

transformer. The durability and stability of the transformer
depends upon the proper utilization of insulating materials
in it.

●There are three main types of insulation used in

transformer.
1. Transformer oil
2. Insulating paper
3. Press board
 Transformer Oil

 ● Transformer oil is the major insulating material used in

transformer.
 ● It is one of the important factors that determine the life
and satisfactory operation of the transformer.

 ● The transformer oil performs the following two

functions.
 1. It provides insulation in combination with the insulating
materials used in the conductors and coils.
 2. It also acts as a coolant to extract heat from the core
and the windings.
 Transformer Oil

 The transformer is affected by its operating conditions.

The presence of moisture or suspended particles in
transformer oil affects its dielectric property.
 Hence transformer oil it should be tested periodically.
 If the oil is containing moisture or suspended particles it
should be filtered or replaced by fresh oil.
Physical Constants Of T/F Oil
Property Recommended Value
Permittivity 2.2
Thermal Conductivity 0.12 W/m deg C
Specific Heat 2.06 KJ/kg deg C
Co-efficient Of Expansion 0.00078/ deg C
Mean Density Factor 0.00065/deg C
 Insulating Paper

 Insulating paper is made from the vegetable fibers.

These fibers mainly consist of cellulose.

 The main properties of these papers are listed below:

 1: Grammage
 2: Density
 3: Air Permeability
 4: Tensile strength and elongation
 Grammage

 Grammage is the ratio of mass to the area. It influences

most of the electrical and mechanical properties. The
recommended value of 125 micrometer thick paper is
100 gm/mt2. The maximum allowable variation is 5%.
 Density

 The paper recommended in transformer use can have a

density range of 0.6 to 1.3 gm/c.c.
 Moisture content reduces the dielectric property of the
paper. Since paper is hygroscopic, moisture ingression
take place with usage. The maximum allowable moisture
content is 8%.
 The dielectric property of paper increased when
impregnated in oil under vacuum and decreases with
water content. Even though the water content is not
recommended the maximum permitted water content is
10%.
 Air Permeability

 Permeability is the rate at which the air can pass

through it. The dielectric strength of paper is
inversely proportional to the air permeability. The
recommended value of air permeability is 0.2-0.5.
 Tensile strength and elongation

 Paper must be able to withstand the tension

during wrapping. Recommended value of
tension is 78-85 N- mt /gm in wrapping direction
and 25-30 N- mt /gm.
The Electrical Parameters Of
Insulating Paper Are Indicated
Below
Property Recommended value
Break Down Voltage 7-7.5 kv/mm(min) at 90 deg. C

Dissipation Factor 0.003 (max)

Conductivity 10 ns/ mt (max)

 Press Board

 Press board is also made up of vegetable fibers and

contains cellulose. Solid press board unto 6 mm to 8 mm
thick is ordinarily made. Since the most difficult insulation
problem in HT transformer occur at the ends of the
windings and lead outs from the windings hence
moulded pressboards are widely used in these parts for
insulation. Synthetic resin bonded paper based
laminates are used in voltage stressed zones. The
important parameters considered are density , tensile
strength, elongation, conductivity, oil absorption,
moisture content, compressibility etc.
 Material Used In Transformer
Insulation
 1. Insulating Fluid: Mineral oil, Synthetic, or Vegetable oil(natural
esters),

 2. Conductor Insulation: Paper (Kraft,enamel)

 3. Solid Insulation: Barriers, Blocks, Spacers, Made of
pressboard, Transformer wood( densified wood) or wood.
 List Of Liquid Insulation

 1: Petroleum Mineral Oils

 2: Contaminated Oil
 3: Vegetable Oils
 Petroleum Minerals Oils

 The main element of petroleum are carbon and

hydrogen, together with small amounts of sulphur,
nitrogen, and oxygen and trace amounts of metals such
as Vanadium, Sodium, Nickel and Iron.
 Petroleum oils have different categories:
 Paraffinic, Asphaltic and mined type.
 Contaminated Oil
 Transformer oil gets contaminated by impurities such as
moisture , fibers , resins etc. Impurities in the oil may be
because of imperfect purification or they may get into
the oil during transportation and storage , and while in
service and finally the oil itself can create these
impurities. Impurities may be present in dissolved state,
suspended state, deposited on the bottom of the tanks
or on parts of apparatus immersed in the oil or floating
on the surface.
 Water is one of the important impurities in the oil. Oil
when kept in open container, gradually absorbs water. It
is product of oil oxidation . It helps in the corrosion of
metallic and insulating materials present and seriously
degrades the properties of the oil.
 Vegetable Oil

 The vegetable oils are the oldest insulating liquids used in

the manufacturing of electrical machines. The
vegetable oils may be classified as DRYING OILS(linseed ,
Tung): SEMI-DRYING OILS( corn , cotton seed , soybean ,
rapeseed , sesame , sunflower): and NON-DRYING OILS(
castor , coconut , palm , olive , peanut).
 Purpose Of Oil Insulation In
Transformer
 1: Oil is used in transformers to reduce the short circuit
between secondary and primary windings and also
insulate the coils from the body of the transformer.
 2: Oil also used as coolant element in transformer.
 3: Oil is also suppress corona discharge and arcing.
 General Characteristics Of
Insulating Materials
 1. High electric strength , impulse strength, and volume
resistivity.
 2. Low dielectric dissipation factor.
 3. High or low dielectric constant (depending on application).
 4. High specific heat and thermal conductivity.
 5. Excellent chemical stability and gas-absorbing properties.
 6. Low viscosity, low-density, low volatility, low solvent power
and high flash point.
 7. Good arc quenching properties.
 8. Non-flammable and non-toxic.