ACTIVITY & EXERCISE

MARIA SUSAN Z. MAGLAQUI

ACTIVITY & EXERCISE
• ACTIVITY -can be described as energetic action or as being in a state
of movement.
Good body mechanics is the efficient, coordinated, and safe use of the
body to produce motion and maintain balance during activity.
Three basic elements of body mechanics:
1.BODY ALIGNMENT (POSTURE),
2.BALANCE (STABILITY),
3. COORDINATED BODY MOVEMENT.
ACTIVITY & EXERCISE
• Body Alignment: the geometric arrangement of body parts in relation
to each other.  Balance: a state of equipoise (equilibrium) in which
opposing forces counteract each other.  Coordinated Body
Movement: Integrated functioning of the musculoskeletal and
nervous system as well as joint mobility.
• Joint: functioning unit of the musculoskeletal system.
• Bones articulate at the joints
• Skeletal muscles attach to two bone at the joint 
• When a person is inactive, the joints are pulled into a flexed position.
• Synovial Joint: freely movable
• Range of Motion: maximum movement that is possible for the joint
 Poor standing and sitting posture, overweight, pregnancy and constant
use of high-heeled shoes may produce an exaggerated curvature of the
lumbar spine, called lordosis.
• Lifting: When a person lifts or carries an object, the weight of the
object becomes part of the person’s body weight.
• Pulling and Pushing: When pulling or pushing an object, a person
maintains balance with least effort when the base of support is
enlarged in the direction in which the movement is to be produced or
opposed.
• Pivoting: technique in which the body is turned in a way that avoids
twisting of the spine
Factors affecting bodyalignment & m0bility
• Growth and Development
• Physical Health
• Mental Health
• Nutrition
• Lifestyle
• Personal Values
• Fatigue and Stress
• External Factors
Effects of Immobility & exercise in body
system
• Musculoskeletal System ◦ Problem Related to Immobility: Client
experience a significant decrease in muscular strength. ◦ Effects of
Exercise: Maintenance of muscle strength and tone; efficiency of
muscular contraction increases; maintain joint mobility 
Cardiovascular System ◦ Problems related to Immobility: Diminished
cardiac reserve; Orthostatic hypotension ◦ Effects of Exercise: Heart
rate, blood pressure and cardiac output increases;
• Respiratory System ◦ Problems related to Immobility: Decreased
respiratory movement; Pooling of respiratory excretions; Atelectasis ◦
Effects of Exercise: Ventilation increases  Metabolic System ◦
Problems related to Immobility: Decreased metabolic rate; Anorexia ◦
Effects of exercise: Metabolic rate elevation
• Urinary Infection ◦ Effects of exercise: more efficient blood flow; prevention
of stasis.  Gastrointestinal System ◦ Problems related to Immobility:
Constipation; decreased peristalsis and colon motility ◦ Effects of exercise:
Appetite improvement; increased GI tract tone, improved digestion and
elimination
• Integumentary System ◦ Problems related to Immobility: Reduced skin
turgor; skin breakdown ◦ Effects of exercise: improved blood circulation
(peripheral) and promoted delivery of nutrients and oxygen. 
Psychoneurologic System ◦ Problems related to Immobility: Increased
dependence; lower self-esteem; Exaggerated emotional reactions; lack of
intellectual stimulation ◦ Effects of exercise: improves tolerance to stress;
sense of relaxation; improvement of body image; improves sleep