INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY

JEFFREY ODTOHAN
SR. PCB DESIGN ENGINEER
SAFETY :

• Safety is the condition of being protected from or unlikely to

cause danger, risk, or injury.
• Safety is a property of a system that reflects the system’s ability
to operate, normally or abnormally, without danger of causing
human injury or death and without damage to the system’s
environment.
SAFETY :

• Assuming total employment

of 32.4 million workers in
2006, only some 2.2 million
workers in medium and large
enterprises enjoy effective
OSH protection and
services.
SAFETY HAZARDS:

Safety Hazards are unsafe working conditions that that can cause
injury, illness and death. Safety hazards are the most common
workplace hazards.
TYPES OF HAZARDS:

• Physical / Radiation Hazards

This is the most common type of workplace hazards. Examples of
physical hazards include slips, trips, falls, exposure to loud
noises, working from heights, vibrations, and unguarded
machinery.
• Ergonomic / Psychological Hazards
Ergonomic hazards occur as a result of physical factors that can
harm the musculoskeletal system. This type of hazard is not
easily identified, examples of this hazard are poor lighting,
repetitive motion, awkward movements, and poor posture.
TYPES OF HAZARDS:

• Chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards are present anytime workers are exposed
chemical substances. Examples include cleaning solutions and
solvents, vapors and fumes, carbon monoxide and any other
gases.
• Biological Hazards
Healthcare professionals are at most risk for this type of hazard.
Biological hazards occurs due to working with people, animals or
infectious plant material. Examples include blood or other bodily
fluids, animal care, insect bites, bacteria or viruses.
TYPES OF HAZARDS:

• Fire Hazards
Knowing where your fire extinguishers are, holding fire drills and
informing employees of your emergency escape routes can
ensure safety.
• Work Organization Hazards
Stressors that cause stress (short term effects) and strain (long
term effects). These are hazards associated with workplace
issues such as workload, lack of control and/or respect, etc.
TYPES OF HAZARDS:

• Electrical Hazards
People who work directly with electricity, including electricians
and engineers, are at risk of injury; personnel who work with
electrical equipment in the office are also at risk of injury. You can
minimize the risk of injuries by using one extension cord or power
strip per connection, keeping liquids clear of electrical equipment
and conducting regular safety examinations.
• It can cause: Inability to let go (5 - 10mA), Ventricular fibrillation
(20 - 30mA), Cell damage (> 30mA), Burn hazard - high
frequency (> 30mA)
SAFETY ENGINEER:

• A construction safety officer ensures that construction

workers are following established policies and safety regulations.
A construction safety officer may take on additional roles and
responsibilities, but their primary job is helping to create safer
construction sites. Construction safety officers work closely with
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
DUTIES OF SAFETY ENGINEER:

• Safety Trends
• Policy and Regulation Maintenance
• Site Safety Inspection
• Accident Investigation
• Safety Officer Training
• Record Keeping
DUTIES OF SAFETY ENGINEER:

• Inspects the site to ensure it is a hazard-free environment.

• Conducts toolbox meetings
• Is part of the project safety council and leads all efforts to
enhance safety
• The safety officer reviews and approves all subcontractors safety
plans
• Verifies that injury logs and reports are completed and submitted
to related government agencies
DUTIES OF SAFETY ENGINEER:

• Verifies that all tools and equipment are adequate and safe for
use.
• Promotes safe practices at the job site.
• Enforces safety guidelines.
• Trains and carries out drills and exercises on how to manage
emergency situations.
• Conducts investigations of all accidents and near-misses.
• Reports to concerned authorities as requested or mandated by
regulations..
DUTIES OF SAFETY ENGINEER:

• Conducts job hazard analyses.

• Establishes safety standards and policies as needed.
• Performs emergency response drills.
• Watches out for the safety of all workers and works to protect
them from entering hazardous situations.
• Responds to employees’ safety concerns.
• Coordinates registration and removal of hazardous waste.
• Serves as the link between state and local agencies and
contractors..
DUTIES OF SAFETY ENGINEER:

• Receives reports from and responds to orders issued by

Department of Labor inspectors.
• Arranges for OSHA mandated testing and/or evaluations of the
workplace by external agencies/consultants.
SAFETY SIGN COLORS:

• Colour: Red
• Meaning or Purpose: Prohibition/Danger
Alarm
• Instruction and Information: Dangerous
behaviour; stop; shutdown; emergency
cut-out devices; evacuate
• Intrinsic Features: Round shape; black
pictogram on white background; red
edging and diagonal line; red part to be at
least 35% of the area of the sign
SAFETY SIGN COLORS:

• Colour: Red (Fire-fighting signs)

• Meaning or Purpose: Fire-fighting
equipment
• Instruction and Information: Identification
and location
• Intrinsic Features: Rectangular or square
shape; white pictogram on red
background; red part to be at least 50% of
the area of the sign
SAFETY SIGN COLORS:

• Colour: Yellow or Amber

• Meaning or Purpose: Warning
• Instruction and Information: Be careful;
take precautions; examine
• Intrinsic Features: Triangular shape; black
pictogram on yellow background with
black edging; yellow part to be at least
50% of the area of the sign
SAFETY SIGN COLORS:

• Colour: Blue
• Meaning or Purpose: Mandatory
• Instruction and Information: Specific
behaviour or action, e.g. wear personal
protective equipment
• Intrinsic Features: Round shape; white
pictogram on blue background; blue part
to be at least 50% of the area of the sign
SAFETY SIGN COLORS:

• Colour: Green
• Meaning or Purpose: Emergency escape;
first aid; No danger
• Instruction and Information: Doors; exits;
escape routes equipment and facilities
Return to normal
• Intrinsic Features: Rectangular or square
shape; white pictogram on green
background; green part to be at least 50%
of the area of the sign