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 Relations &
Functions
M8A3. Students will understand relations and linear functions.
a. Recognize a relation as a correspondence between varying
quantities.
b. Recognize a function as a correspondence between inputs and
outputs where the output for each input must be unique.
c. Distinguish between relations that are functions and those that
are not functions.
 Ordered Pair
An ordered pair is a set of 2 numbers,
x and y,
also known as coordinates of a point on
a graph

(x, y)
Coordinate Plane
Quadrant Quadrant
II I

Quadrant Quadrant
III IV
(-, +) (+, +)

(-, -) (+,-)
 Relation
Any set of ordered pairs

(-2, 8), (-1, 7), (-1, 6),(7, 6)

 Function
Any set of ordered pairs
in which
NO x value is repeated.

(-2, 8), (-1, 7), (0, -1),(7, 6)

* y values can be repeated

Graphical Representations
Of a function or relation
 Set Notation – Ordered Pairs

{(-2,3),(0,-3),(2,-4),(7,0)}

*ordered pairs encompassed by braces

Table of Values
x f(x)
-2 3
-1 7
0 -1
7 6
Mapping Diagram
x f(x)
-2 -1

-1 3

0 6

7 7
Graph
 The vertical line test
In order to use the vertical line test, you
must first plot the points on a coordinate
plane.

If you can draw a vertical line through

each of the data points, and each line
passes through EXACTLY one point,
then the relation is a function.
 Using the vertical line test.
This is a function. This is NOT a function.
y y

x x
 Domain
The set of x values in a
relation or function.
In the relation:
{(-2,3),(0,-3),(2,-4),(7,0)}
the domain is
{-2, 0, 2, 7}
• Domain
• Input
• x
• Independent variable

Synonyms for “Domain”

 Range
The set of y values in a
relation or function.
In the relation:
{(-2,3),(0,-3),(2,-4),(7,0)}
the range is
{-4, -3, 0, 3}
• Range
• Output
• y
• Dependent variable

Synonyms for “Range”

 Function Notation
f(x)

Represents the function evaluated at x

Read “f of x”
 Function Rule
An equation that represents a function

f(x) = 6x – 2

g(x) = -2x + 4
 Inverse of a relation
 The inverse of the relation
        (2,3), (4,5), (2,6), (4,6) 
is
        (3,2),  (5,4), (6,2), (6,4)
 Generally we switch the roles of x and y to

find the inverse.

 Wrap Up:
Write your answers on your worksheet

What is a relation?
What is a function?
 What are the 4
graphical representations
of a function?
What are the domain and
range of a function or
relation?
 How do you know a
relation is a function?
Describe the vertical line
test?
 Error Analysis-Functions

 When asked whether the relation {(-4,16), (-

2,4), (0,0), (2,4)} is a function, a student stated
that the relation is not a function because 4
appears twice. What error did the student
make? How would you explain to the student
why this relation is a function?
 HOMEWORK
 M8A3. Students will understand relations
and linear functions.
 a. Recognize a relation as a correspondence
between varying quantities.
 b. Recognize a function as a correspondence
between inputs and outputs where the output
for each input must be unique.
 c. Distinguish between relations that are
functions and those that are not functions.
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