Internal

ODP500006 VRRP
Principle

ISSUE 1.0
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 This course introduces the Virtual
Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP).
VRRP specifies an election protocol that
dynamically assigns responsibility for a
Virtual Router to one of the VRRP
Routers on a LAN.

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 References

 RFC2338: Virtual Router Redundancy

Protocol
 VRP Operation Manual

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 Upon completion of this course, you will
be able to:

 Master the principle of VRRP

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 Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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 Why VRRP ?

Only one gateway, Internet

no redundancy
RTA

10.1.1.254/24

Ethernet

PCA PCB PCC PCD

10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

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 What is VRRP
Internet

Virtual
RTA RTB
Router
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24

Ethernet

PCA PCB PCC PCD

10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

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 Virtual Router ID and Virtual IP Address

Virtual Router ID
configured on RTA is 1

IP Address of
Virtual Router 1

Virtual Router ID configured

on RTB is also 1

IP Address of Virtual Router

1 should be the same as
configured on RTA

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 Electing the Master
Internet

The Master The Backup

Virtual
RTA Router RTB
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Priority = 200 Priority = 150

Ethernet

PCA PCB PCC PCD

10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

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 Electing the Master

The Master

The Master has the

highest priority value

The Backup has lower

priority value

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 Special values of Priority ---- 255
Internet

IP Address Owner

Virtual
RTA RTB
Router
10.1.1.254/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24

Ethernet

PCA PCB PCC PCD

10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

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 Special values of Priority ---- 255

The Running Priority is

255 since this router is
the IP Address Owner

RTB is the Backup although its

Configured Priority is higher

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 Special values of Priority ---- 0
Deleting VRRP
configuration

The Priority value 0 indicates that

the current Master has stopped
participating in VRRP

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 Preempt_Mode and Timers

The Advertisement_Interval
is 1 second

The Preempt_Mode is TRUE

Time to delay when a higher

priority Backup preempts a
lower priority Master

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 Summary

 What is VRRP?

 Virtual Router; Virtual Router ID,

Virtual IP Address.
 Electing the Master.

 Special values of Priority.

 Preemption mode and Timers.

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 Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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 VRRP Packet Format

Only one packet type ---- ADVERTISEMENT

Only the Master can send VRRP Advertisements

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 IP Fields of VRRP Packets

Field Value

Source Address Physical IP interface address of the Master

Destination Address IP multicast address 224.0.0.18

TTL Must be 255

Protocol The IP protocol number is 0x70

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 Virtual Router MAC Address

00 00 5E 00 01 VRID

The last one byte of a Virtual Router MAC

Address is the VRID of this Virtual Router

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 Layer 2 fields of VRRP packets

Field Value

Destination MAC Address Multicast MAC Address 01-00-5E-00-00-12

Source MAC Address The Virtual Router MAC Address

Type 0x0800

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 Authentication

Auth Type Authentication Method

0 No Authentication

1 Simple Text Password

2 MD5 Password

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 Protocol State Machine

Initialize

Master Backup

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 Protocol State Machine

Initialize

Master Backup
Master_Down_Timer

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 Protocol State Machine

Initialize

More prior Advertisement received

Master Backup

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 Summary

 VRRP Packet format

 IP fields of VRRP Packets

 Virtual Router MAC Address

 Layer 2 fields of VRRP Packets

 Authentication methods

 Protocol State Machine

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 Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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 Handling of ARP Requests
Requesting the MAC
Broadcast Address for 10.1.1.254

E0/0
RTA
10.1.1.251/24 1 DMAC SMAC 0806 DATA FCS

10.1.1.254
00-00-5E-00-01-01

PCA
E0/0 2 DMAC SMAC 0806 DATA FCS
RTB 10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.252/24 10.1.1.254

The Master Virtual MAC

Unicast Address ARP Response

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 VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

Loopback0 E0/0
Send ICMP Echo Message
1.1.1.1/32 10.1.1.251/24 Dst IP = 1.1.1.1
RTA 1 Dst MAC = 00-00-5E-00-01-01
10.1.1.254
00-00-5E-00-01-01

2 Send ICMP Redirect Message

E0/0 Src IP = 10.1.1.254 PCA
Loopback0
Src MAC = RTB's Interface MAC 10.1.1.1/24
2.2.2.2/32 10.1.1.252/24 Address 10.1.1.254
RTB

The Master

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 VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message
Using Virtual IP Address
as the source IP address

Using physical IP Address

as the source IP address

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 VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

There are two ARP

entries on PCA

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 VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

PCA adds a new route to destination

1.1.1.1/32, using 10.1.1.251 as the next hop

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 Sending IP packets by the Master

Type Source IP Address Source MAC Address

VRRP Advertisement Physical IP Interface Virtual MAC Address of

Address the Virtual Router

ICMP Redirect Message Virtual IP Addresses Physical Interface MAC

Physical Interface Address Address
Forwarding IP Packets Do not change Physical Interface MAC
Address

Sending IP Packets Physical IP Interface Physical Interface MAC

originated by the Master Address Address

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 Summary

 Handling of ARP Request

 Sending Redirect Messages

 Sending IP packets by the Master

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Thank You
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