MTES 3123

Statistik
Pensyarah: Dr. Teong Mee Mee
Ahli:
-Afo
-Pik J
-YB
-Man
-Kamen
 Finite Population

Population which can The population of all individuals

or elements that are finite.
be counted
 Finite Population
• Examples of the finite population are listed below:

1. A number of vehicles that pass through a toll gate.

2. A number of births per year in a particular state.
3. A number of words in a page.
4. A number of students in a class.
 Finite Population
• The advantages of the finite population over infinite
population are listed below:

1. It is easily countable.
2. It can provide information for all the observations.
3. Can be easily accessed.
4. Can be easily used to determine the parameters of the
population.
5. Provides more significant results than infinite population.
Finite Population (Formula)
Finite Population Correction Factor (FPC)
Standard error formula

Standard error formula

with correction

for a confidence interval for a mean

and unknown population standard
deviation
Finite Population (FPC)
• Example in problem solving
Question:
Thirty people from a population of 300 were asked how much they had
in savings. The sample mean (x̄) was RM1,500, with a sample standard
deviation of RM89.55. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate for
the population mean.
Finite Population (FPC)
• Solution:
• Solution (using degrees of freedom = n – 1 = 29) and tα/2 = 2.0452 for
a 95% confidence level):

= RM1,500 ± 33.44(0.9503)
= RM1,500 ± 31.776
= RM1,468.22 ≤ μ ≤ RM1,531.78.
Infinite Population
• Sometimes it is not possible to count the units contained in the
population.
• Such a population is called infinite or uncountable.
Infinite Population
• Examples
1. Suppose that we want to examine whether a coin is fair or not. We
shall toss it a very large number of times to observe the number of
heads. All the tosses will make an infinite or uncountable infinite
population.
2. The number of germs in the body of a sick patient is perhaps
something which is uncountable.
Infinite Population (Formula)
• The sample from infinite population , need to know some information
about population , as standard deviation , you can get it from
previous study or from a pilot study , then you can use the formula :
• n= [( 2* Z * σ ) / L ] ^2
• where
• σ : standard deviation
• L : confidence interval for your estimation
Proportional Sampling
• Proportionate sampling is a sampling strategy (a method for gathering
participants for a study) used when the population is composed of
several subgroups that are vastly different in number.
• The number of participants from each subgroup is determined by
their number relative to the entire population.
Proportional Sampling
• Example:
Imagine you want to create a council of 20 employees that will meet
and recommend possible changes to the employee handbook.
Let's say 40% of your employees are in Sales and Marketing, 30% in
Customer Service, 20% of your employees are in IT, and 10% in Finance.
You will randomly select 8 people from Sales and Marketing, 6 from
Customer Service, 4 from IT, and 2 from Finance.
As you can see, each number you pick is proportionate to the overall
percentage of people in each category (e.g., 40% = 8 people).