M04 Statistics PPT 1

STATISTICS
Mean, Mode and

Median
Part 1
Ministry of Education Malaysia
Curriculum Development Section 1 of 40
LEARNING
OBJECTIVE
Calculating the mean, mode,

and median of a set of data.

Did you know…
You probably use statistical concepts such as

mean, median and mode almost
everyday without realising it.
You may not use the words mean, median

and mode directly, but you probably often
use the word average.

Averages are often used in students’ examination results.

Weather reports also often use averages.
Monthly Weather Bulletin, January 2013

The Northeast Monsoon normally
experienced by the country during this
period is expected to end around early
March 2013.
Generally, rainfall for the month of January
2013 is within the average for most of the
Peninsular and Sabah, whereas the
weather in Sarawak is drier than normal.
(Source: Malaysian Meteorological Department)
Give examples of other situations

which often use averages.

What is meant by average?
Let’s examine this example!
Visually, the process of finding the average

is similar to the process of generalisation.

Measures of Central Tendency
Mean, Median and Mode

In the context of Mathematics, the terms
mean, median and mode are used to
describe the average and are known as
measures of central tendency.
What is meant by mean, median and

mode as measures of central
tendency for a set of data?
Let’s
Mariinvestigate!
kita siasat!

Assume that the amount of pocket money, in ringgit, brought
to school by 13 students is as follows.
Lai Aza Julie Jim Wan Fara Azmi Nazri Lim Neo Faiz Zul Amy
3 4 4 6 5 8 9 6 4 7 4 4 10
What do you have to do to find the mean
amount of student pocket money?

The mean is the total
values in a set of data Total values
divided by the number of Mean =
Number of data
data.
Laid Aza Julie Jim Wan Fara Azmi Nazri Lim Neo Faiz Zul Amy
3 sum
Total 4 of4values
6 5 8 9 6 4 7 4 4 10
Total amount of pocket money
Total pocket money
Mean = Number of students
Number of students
74
=1
13
= 5.69 = 5.69

3 4 4 6 5 8 9 6 4 7 4 4 10
Let’s represent the values in the data
set above on a number line.
Mean = 5.69
Indicate the mean value you obtained on the number line.

Mean = 5.69
Explain the position

of the mean in comparison to
the position of the other data values.

Mean = 5.69
Why is the mean considered a

measure of central tendency
for a set of data?

Mean = 5.69
Most of the data values are centralised, concentrated

around or close to the mean. Thus, the mean is a value
that can be used to represent an entire set of data.
Take note! The approximate position of the mean

is in the middle of the data values.
In general,
(a) most of the data are centralized,

concentrated around or close to the mean.
(b) the approximate position of the mean is
in the middle of the data.
Do you think the median has the same features as

the mean?
How would we determine the value of the
median?
Let’s investigate!

Which value lies in the middle when the data is arranged in
ascending or descending order?
Laid Aza Julie Lim Faiz Zul Wan Jim Nazri Neo Fara Azmi Amy
3 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10
Median
The value that lies in the middle

when the data is arranged in ascending or descending
orders is known as the median.
What can you say about the position of the median in

comparison to the position of the other data values?
Let’s have a look!

Mean = 5.69
M
e
a
n
=
5
.
9
Median = 5
Remember!
The approximate position of the mean is in the middle of the
data values.
Since the position of the median is exactly in the middle of the
data values, the median is considered a measure of central
tendency and can be used to represent an entire set of data.

What about the mode?
Does the mode also have the

same features as the mean?
Let’s continue our lesson.

What is the value of the mode
in the set of data below?
3 4 4 6 5 8 9 6 4 7 4 4 10
The value that occurs the most

in a set of data is known as the mode.
Therefore, mode = 4.
What is the relationship between the features

of the mode and the mean?
What are the differences and similarities between the
two? Explain.
Mean = 5.69
Mode = 4
Remember! Most of the data are centralized, concentrated
around or close to the mean.
Like the mean, most of the data are centralized, concentrated
around or close to the mode. Thus, the mode is considered
a measure of central tendency and can be used
to represent an entire set of data.

What generalisations can be made about these three
measures of central tendency which are
mean, median and mode?
What is the importance of these

measures of central tendency?
Let’s continue our lesson.

Look at the examination scores of the following five students.
Aiman Faiz Sam Rekha Jamie
Bahasa Melayu 97 76 85 83 65
English 56 65 78 80 85
Mathematics 82 75 86 84 78
Science 82 73 79 65 80
Bahasa Arab 75 66 - - -
Total 392 355 327 312 308
Based on the table above, Suhaili said:
“Aiman achieved the best results for the examination.”
Do you agree with Suhaili?

Give your reasons!
English 56 65 78 80 85
Science 82 73 79 65 80
Total 392 355 327 312 308
Is there a better way to determine which student achieved the

best results for the examination?

English 56 65 78 80 85
Science 82 73 78 65 80
Total 392 355 327 312 308
Mean 78.4 71 81.75 78 77
Now examine the mean values. What can you say about the values?
Is it more suitable to use the mean rather than the total marks to
compare the students’ examination results? Give your reasons!

English 56 65 78 80 85
Science 82 73 78 65 80
Total 392 355 327 312 308
Mean 78.4 71 81.75 78 77
Between the total marks and the mean, which is more

suitable to use to determine which student achieved the
best examination results?
Explain your answer.

In general, measures of central tendency can be
used to compare a set of data with other sets of
data.
State other importance of measures of central

tendency.
Discuss with your friends!

Now let us look at several examples
involving mean, median and mode, and
how these measures of central tendency
can help us in interpreting data.

Review
The mean is the total

Total values
values in a set of data Mean =
divided by the number Number of data
of data.
The median is the number located in the middle

when a set of data is arranged in either ascending or
descending orders.
The mode is the number that occurs the most in a set

of data.

Example 1
Below is the mass of fish,

in kg, that was caught by
7 participants in a fishing
competition at a lake.
Calculate the mean, mode and median of the set of data

above.
Is your answer same as what is shown below?
Total values
Mean =
Number of data
1.8 + 0.5 + 2.3 + 0.8 + 2.5 + 1.8 + 1.5
=
7
11.2
=
7
= 1.6 kg

1.8 0.51.6 2.3 0.8 1.82.5 1.8 1.5
1.8
What must you do to calculate the median?
Arrange the data in ascending order.

0.5 0.8 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.5
Since there is an odd
00 number of data,
median = the value in the middle

= 1.8

What must you do to find the mode?
1.6 1.8 1.8
1.8 0.5 2.3 0.8 2.5 1.8 1.5
The mode is the value that occurs the most.

Therefore, mode = 1.8.
Is it possible for a set of data to have no mode? Is it
possible for a set of data to have more than one
mode? Discuss and give examples.

Mean = 1.6 Mode = 1.8 Median = 1.8
Based on the values of the mean, mode and

median, is it possible for any fish caught in the
same lake during future fishing competition to
have a mass of 5 kg? Give your reasons.

Example 2
Encik Hanafi wants to know the

effect of organic fertiliser on his
eggplant plantation.
Below are the lengths, in cm, of
10 eggplants that were chosen
at random.
17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
Calculate the mean, median and mode of the set of data above.
17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
Is your answer same as what is shown below?

Total values
Mean =
Number of data
17 + 21 + 24 + 23 + 16 + 18 + 15 + 20 + 23 + 22
=
10
= 199
10
= 19.9 cm

17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
What conclusions can you make about
(a) the mean value of 19.9 cm obtained?
(b) the mean value in comparison to the

lengths of other eggplants?

17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
Based on the mean, Encik Hanafi’s eggplants have an

average length of 19.9 cm.
However, there are 4 eggplants which are less than

19.9 cm long. This may be caused by certain factors,
such as the trees not being fertile or other reasons.
The mean value of 19.9 cm helps Encik Hanafi to

estimate the length of the eggplants grown on his
plantation.
What must you do to find the median?
17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
Arrange the data in ascending order.
15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 23 24
Since there is an even number of data,
median = 5 th value + 6th value
2
20 + 21
=
2
= 20.5 cm

What must you do to find
the mode?
17 21 24 23 16 18 15 20 23 22
The mode is the number that occurs the most.
Therefore, mode = 23.

Thank You


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STATISTICS

Mean, Mode and

Calculating the mean, mode,

Ministry of Education Malaysia

You probably use statistical concepts such as

You may not use the words mean, median

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Monthly Weather Bulletin, January 2013

Give examples of other situations

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Visually, the process of finding the average

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

What is meant by mean, median and

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Indicate the mean value you obtained on the number line.

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Explain the position

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Why is the mean considered a

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Most of the data values are centralised, concentrated

Take note! The approximate position of the mean

(a) most of the data are centralized,

Do you think the median has the same features as

Ministry of Education Malaysia

The value that lies in the middle

What can you say about the position of the median in

Let’s have a look!

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Does the mode also have the

Let’s continue our lesson.

Ministry of Education Malaysia

The value that occurs the most

What is the relationship between the features

Ministry of Education Malaysia

mean, median and mode?

What is the importance of these

Let’s continue our lesson.

Based on the table above, Suhaili said:

“Aiman achieved the best results for the examination.”

Do you agree with Suhaili?

Is there a better way to determine which student achieved the

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Between the total marks and the mean, which is more

Ministry of Education Malaysia

State other importance of measures of central

Discuss with your friends!

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Ministry of Education Malaysia

The mean is the total

The median is the number located in the middle

The mode is the number that occurs the most in a set

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Below is the mass of fish,

Calculate the mean, mode and median of the set of data

Ministry of Education Malaysia

Arrange the data in ascending order.

median = the value in the middle