4.

1 Boiler

LECTURE

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 Performance of Boilers

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 Performance of Boilers (cont..)
 Factor of Evaporation, FE
hs  h fw
FE 
h fg
where:
hfg = latent heat of vaporization or evaporation at
standard atmospheric conditions.
hfg = 970.3 Btu/lb or
hfg = 2257 KJ/kg or
hfg = 539 kcal/kg

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 Performance of Boilers (cont..)
 Equivalent Evaporation, EE
EE  ms FE
where:
ms = amount of steam generated.

 Equivalent Specific Evaporation, ESE

ms EE
ESE  FE 
mf mf
where:
mf = amount of fuel burned in the furnace

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 Performance of Boilers (cont..)
 ASME Evaporation unit, ASME EU
ASME EU  ms hs  h fw 

 Rated Boiler Horsepower (Rated Bo Hp)

Rated Bo Hp = Total Heating Surface / k
where:
k = 12 sq ft = 1.1 sq m for fire-tube boilers
k = 10 sq ft = 0.91 sq m for water-tube boilers

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 Performance of Boilers (cont..)
 Developed Boiler Horsepower (Dev Bo Hp)
ms hs  h fw  ASME EU
Dev Bo Hp  
c c
where:
c = 33,475 Btu/hr = 35,322 kJ/hr = 8,433 kcal/hr

 Percent Rating Developed (% Rating Dev)

Dev Bo Hp
% Rating Dev  100
Rated Bo Hp
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 Sample problems
 Example 4.1.1. A fuel of Qh = 6888 Kcal/kg was burned
in the furnace of a 223 sq. meter water tube boiler which
was generating 5443 kg/hr of steam at 1.38Mpa., d and s,
from 109C feed, at a time when fuel consumption was 612
kg/hr. (a) Find the Kcal rating and percent rating. (b)
Calculate the overall efficiency

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 Sample problems
 Example 4.1.2. A steam generating unit produces steam at
the rate of 10 kg/s at 5 MPa, 450 C which is continuously
blown down at 0.25 kg/s. Feedwater leaves the economizer
at 100 C. Coal with a heating value of 42,000 kJ/kg as fired
is burned at the rate of 1 kg/s. What is the over-all efficiency
of the steam boiler?
Steam properties at 5 MPa, 450 C, h = 3316.2;
at 5 MPa, 100 C, h = 422.72;
at 5 MPa, hf = 1154.23, hg = 2794.3.

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 Sample problems
 Example 4.1.3. A boiler working at a pressure of 10 bar
generates 2100kg of dry and saturated steam per hour. The
feed water is heated by an economizer to a temperature
105°C. Coal consumed is 208 kg and calorific value of coal is
30200 kJ/ kg. If 12% of coal remains unburnt determine: (a)
thermal efficiency of boiler (b) thermal efficiency of boiler
and grate combined.

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  Example 4.1.4: A boiler plant incorporates an economizer and
an air preheater and generates steam at 40 bar 300C with fuel
calorific value of 33 MJ/kg burned at a rate of 0.111 kg/s. In the
economizer, the feed water is heated from 40C to 125C by
cooling flue gases from 395C to 225C. The flue gases then enter
and the air preheater in which air is heated and its temperature
rises by 75C. A FD fan delivers air at 1.02 bar and 16C producing
a pressure head of 180 mm water. The power input to the fan is 5
kW and it has a mechanical efficiency of 76%. Estimate (a) the
mass flow rate of air, (b) the temperature of flue gases leaving the
plant, (c) the mass flow rate of steam, and (d) the efficiency of
boiler. Neglect heat losses and pressure drops and take 𝑐𝑝 = 1.01
kJ/kg for the flue gases.

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 END

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