Determining Qualitative

Research Design
Research Design

Pertains to overall
organizing principle of a
particular research.
In Quantitative it is called “Scientific
Method” in which hypothesis is tested
out through mathematical statistical
processes and using variables.
In Qualitative research it can be more
complex and varied, with new designs
being developed, old designs being
updated or revised, and designs being
mixed and matched.
 The 5 most common types of
qualitative research in the social
sciences and humanities and their
usefulness in everyday life, their
characteristics, strengths, and
weaknesses
1. Narrative Research
2. Phenomenology
3.Grounded Theory
4. Ethnomethodology
5. Case Study
Narrative Research
•Essentially about telling a story.
•A single person or several individuals,
gathers date through the collection of
stories or anecdotes, reports the person`s or
individual`s experiences, and discusses the
meaning of those experiences.
Narrative Research

A good researcher doing narrative

research must be able to describe in
detail, from beginning, middle, and
end, a person`s experience on a
particular topic of interest.
In conducting narrative research….
• You need to interview one or several subjects, depending on
your interest.
• You need to inform your subject /s the number of interviews
you need to get from them.
• Most narrative researches are drawn from huge amounts of
interview hours, whether audio, video, or textual records.
• All recorded data has to be transcribed, that is, converted
into textual accounts to be able to analyze the subject`s story
more clearly.
When interviewing….
• It is important that ;your subject feels comfortable in telling their
story.
• You have to set up the environment where you subject will most likely
to feel at ease to share and open up.
• Observation is important skill in this research
• While listening to your subject, there might be clues in their voice or
body language that you need to note down.
• After you analyzing their story you can write your report later on.
You also need to consider....
• The authenticity of the subject and the story
itself.
• Ask yourself if youre subject is the best person to
narrate the story.
• You need to assess if the story is real or made
up.
• Constantly evaluate points in the story if the
subject can tell the real story.
You aslo have to ask yourself the following
questions:
• Who owns the story?
• Who can tell it best?
• Is it convincing?
Are the stories real or fake?
• Who can change it?
- By asking these questions, you can be more prepared in
delving in the research process and addressing any issues that
may arise afterwards.
Narrative research comes in several
forms, with some more familiar than
others, such as autobiography,
biography, life history, and personal
experience.
Authobiography- Narrative centers on
the researcher who is the subject of
the study
e.g.
Ann Frank`s Diary
Bibliography- Is a written account of a
person`s life, usually an important personality,
often chronicling that person`s contributions
to society.
e.g.
Jose Rizal: A bibliographical Sketch by Teofilo
H. Montemayor
Life History – Provides a more detailed
account of the subject`s life. It is a narrative
approach, has its roots in anthropology and
sociology and chronicles the subject`s history
from childhood to adolescence to adulthood,
taking into account the historical contexts in
which the subject grew up in.
Personal experience approach- This is on
episodic experiences, whether single or
multiple, found in private situations or shared
within a community.
e.g.
Teacher`s personal account of a particular
teaching or classroom experience.
 Give one experience
happened in your life that
you cannot explain. Why do
you think you can`t explain
it?
Phenomenology Study
 A “Subjective reality” of an event. A
study of phenomenon (Phenomena).
A Phenomenon is any situation,
event, concept, or fact that is
observed but is unusual or difficult to
explain.
 The goal of any Phenomenological
study is to described the “Universal
essence” of experiences shared by
several people in order for the rest of
us to understand.
Similar to narrative study, the method
of collecting data is through in –depth
interviews and/or documents
reflecting the individual`s
experiences, such as poems, letters,
journals or diaries.
 Phenomenological studies
incorporate data from a number of
subjects that can be classified into
group or a collective.
Participants are asked 2 general questions.
• What have you experience in terms of this
phenomenon?
• What context or situations have affected or influenced
your experience of this phenomenon?

-Other open-ended questions may also be asked, but

these two, can provide an understanding of the shared
experiences of the participants.
When interviewing….

You may be unconsciously

putting your feelings, beliefs,
opinions, and biases into
practice.
For example:
If interviewing students who have part
time work and you already are prejudiced
against them, then the outcome of your
phenomenological study may become a
moral indictment or criticism and not an
understanding of their experience and the
factors that surround their situation.
Bracketing- is the process where you
set aside your own feelings and
beliefs about the phenomenon in
order to balance and have a free
observation, analysis, and
interpretation.
In order Phenomenological studies,
objectivity may be difficult to
ascertain, since they focus on
people`s subjective experiences and
their interpretations of the world.
In compensation, you have to view all
research from your perspective. In the
end, the researcher needs to decide
how and in what way personal
understanding will affect the study.
 CHARACTERISTIC Phenomenological
Focus or Objective

Focus of Analysis

Data to be Collected

Method of data Collection